Redirecting Metabolic Flux towards the Mevalonate Pathway for Enhanced β-Carotene Production in M. circinelloides CBS 277.49

Table 3

Comparison of β-carotene production and percentage increment, with the control set as the reference of the individual and synergistic combination of factors. Values represent the means of triplicate experiments ().

Treatment	Concentration	β-Carotene, mg/L (mg/g)	% increment
Control (K&R media)	80 g/L glucose	1.68 (0.17 mg/g)	—
C/N	20	3.29 (0.31 mg/g)	95.83
Cerulenin	40 μg/mL	3.23 (0.31 mg/g)	92.3
Ketoconazole	150 mg/L	3.45 (0.35 mg/g)	105.36
RSM-suggested combination	C/N 22+cerulenin 20 μg/mL+ketoconazole 118 mg/L	2.97 (0.28 mg/g)	76.79
KCN	C/N 25+cerulenin 0 μg/mL+ketoconazole 150 mg/L	3.20 (0.32 mg/g)	90.48
Std. order 11	C/N 25+cerulenin 10 μg/mL+ketoconazole 150 mg/L	4.26 (0.43 mg/g)	157.15