Expanding the Scope of Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer: Current Clinical Approaches and Future Directions

Table 1

List of ongoing studies evaluating the use of combination treatments in mismatch repair-deficient microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancers.

Trial type	Trial NCT identifier	Disease burden	Immune checkpoint inhibitor	Study treatment groups
Phase III	NCT02912559	Stage III CRC	Atezolizumab	Adjuvant atezolizumab + FOLFOX versus FOLFOX alone
	NCT02997228	First-line mCRC	Atezolizumab	Atezolizumab versus atezolizumab + FOLFOX + bevacizumab versus FOLFOX + bevacizumab
	NCT02563002	First-line mCRC	Pembrolizumab	Pembrolizumab versus standard-of-care chemotherapy
Phase II	NCT02460198	mCRC: refractory or ≥1 prior therapy	Pembrolizumab	Pembrolizumab
	NCT03150706	mCRC: >1 prior therapy	Avelumab	Avelumab
	NCT02060188	Refractory CRC	Nivolumab ± ipilimumab	Nivolumab ± ipilimumab or daratumumab or anti-LAG3 antibody
Phase I	NCT01633970	Locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors	Atezolizumab	Atezolizumab + Bevacizumab Atezolizumab + Bevacizumab + FOLFOX Atezolizumab + carboplatin + paclitaxel atezolizumab + carboplatin + pemetrexed atezolizumab + carboplatin + nab-paclitaxel atezolizumab + nab-paclitaxel

FOLFOX: 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin. LAG3: lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein. Data partially from [235, 249]. Clinical trial details can be accessed at ClinicalTrials.gov database.