Expanding the Scope of Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer: Current Clinical Approaches and Future Directions

Table 3

List of ongoing studies evaluating the use of combination treatments in mismatch repair-proficient microsatellite instability-low colorectal cancer.

Trial NCT identifier	Checkpoint inhibitor	Trial type	Disease burden	Combination treatment	Target (s)
NCT02876224	Atezolizumab	Phase I	mCRC	Cobimetinib + bevacizumab	MEK + VEGFA, respectively
NCT02873195		Phase II	Refractory CRC	Cobimetinib + bevacizumab	MEK + VEGFA, respectively
NCT02788279		Phase III	mCRC	Cobimetinib + regorafenib	MEK + Multi-kinase, respectively
NCT02291289		Phase II	First-line metastatic CRC	Cobimetinib	MEK
NCT02484404	Durvalumab	Phase I/II	Refractory CRC	Cediranib	VEGFR and KIT
NCT02888743	Durvalumab ± tremelimumab	Phase I	mCRC	Radiation	.....
NCT03122509		Phase II	mCRC	Radiation or ablation	.....
NCT03007407		Phase II	mCRC	Radiation	.....
NCT03428126	Durvalumab	Phase II	mCRC	Trametinib	MEK
NCT02811497		Phase II	mCRC	Azacitidine	DNMT
NCT02327078	Nivolumab	Phase I/II	CRC and solid tumors	Epacadostat	IDO1
NCT02948348		Phase I/II	Locally advanced rectal cancer	Chemoradiation	.....
NCT0280546		Phase II	Refractory CRC	TAS-102	.....
NCT02060188	Nivolumab ± ipilimumab	Phase II	Refractory CRC	Cobimetinib + daratumumab	MEK + CD38, respectively
NCT03271047		Phase I/II	Pretreated mCRC	Binimetinib	MEK
NCT03104439		Phase II	CRC arm	Radiation	.....
NCT03377361		Phase I/II	Pretreated mCRC	Trametinib	MEK
NCT03442569		Phase II	RAS-wild-type CRC	Panitumumab	EGFR
NCT03026140		Phase II	Stage I-III CRC	Celecoxib	COX2
NCT02512172	Pembrolizumab	Phase I	Pretreated mCRC	Oral Azacitidine + romidepsin	DNMT + HDAC1 and/or HDAC2, respectively
NCT03374254		Phase Ib	mCRC	Binimetinib ± FOLFOX or FOLFIRI	MEK for Binimetinib
NCT02856425		Phase I/II	mCRC	Nintedanib	VEGFR, PDGFR, and FGFR
NCT02959437		Phase I/II	Refractory CRC and NSCLC	Azacitidine + epacadostat	DNMT + IDO1, respectively
NCT02713373		Phase Ib/II	Pretreated mCRC	Cetuximab	EGFR
NCT01174121		Phase II	GI tumors and CRC arm	TILs, IL-2, cytoxan, and fludarabine	.....
NCT03374254		Phase II	mCRC	Binimetinib, FOLFOX and FOLFIRI	MEK for Binimetinib
NCT03176264	PDR001	Phase I	First-line metastatic CRC	FOLFOX + bevacizumab	VEGFA for Bevacizumab
NCT03081494		Phase I	Pretreated mCRC	Regorafenib	Multikinase
NCT03258398	Avelumab	Phase II	.....	eFT508	MNK

Data partially from [235, 249]. Clinical trial details can be accessed at ClinicalTrials.gov database.