Review Article
Expanding the Scope of Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer: Current Clinical Approaches and Future Directions
Table 4
Summary of potential combination strategies in mismatch repair-proficient microsatellite instability-low colorectal cancer.
| | Potential combination strategies | Target (s) |
| | ICIs + RT | RFA or EBRT + pembrolizumab [175] | PD-1 for Pembrolizumab | | RFA + durvalumab + tremelimumab [177] | PD-L1 for Durvalumab | | CTLA-4 for Tremelimumab | | ICIs + chemotherapy + anti-angiogenic agents | Atezolizumab + bevacizumab ± FOLFOX [182–184] | PD-L1 for Atezolizumab | | VEGF for Bevacizumab | | ICIs + MEK inhibitors | Atezolizumab + cobimetinib [187, 191] | PD-L1 for Atezolizumab | | MEK for Cobimetinib | | Nivolumab + ipilimumab + cobimetinib [193] | PD-1 for Nivolumab | | CTLA-4 for Ipilimumab | | MEK for Cobimetinib | | ICIs + MEK inhibitors + anti-angiogenic agents | Atezolizumab + cobimetinib + bevacizumab [192] | PD-L1 for Atezolizumab | | MEK for Cobimetinib | | VEGF for Bevacizumab | | ICIs + BTC engaging antibody therapies | Atezolizumab + CEA-BTC antibody [88, 224, 225, 227] | PD-L1 for Atezolizumab | | CEA for CEA-BTC antibody | | ICIs + IDO1 inhibitor | Pembrolizumab + indoximod [235] | PD-1 for Pembrolizumab | | IDO1 for Indoximod | | Nivolumab + epacadostat [235] | PD-1 for Nivolumab | | IDO1 for Epacadostat | | ICIs + anti-CSF1R antibody | Durvalumab + pexidartinib [238] | PD-L1 for Durvalumab | | CSF1R for Pexidartinib |
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