Predicting Venous Thromboembolic Events in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Requiring Hospitalization: an Observational Retrospective Study by the COVIDIC Initiative in a Swiss University Hospital
Table 2
Patients’ characteristics and univariate analysis of factors associated with VTE upon admission.
Characteristics
Without VTE ()
VTE ()
Demographics
Age (years)
69.0 (55.0-81.0)
59.0 (49.5-70.0)
0.051
Male gender
246 (57.3%)
10 (71.4%)
0.412
Comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus
105 (24.5%)
4 (28.6%)
0.754
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
33 (7.7%)
1 (7.1%)
1.000
Chronic heart failure
38 (8.9%)
1 (7.1%)
1.000
Chronic kidney disease
65 (15.2%)
3 (21.4%)
0.460
Cirrhosis
16 (3.7%)
0 (0.0%)
1.000
Malignancy (hematological or solid organ)
51 (11.9%)
0 (0.0%)
0.386
Previous VTE
34 (7.9%)
3 (21.4%)
0.103
Obesity
104 (24.2%)
4 (28.6%)
0.753
Charlson comorbidity index
5.0 (2.0-6.0)
2.0 (1.0-4.0)
0.077
Symptomsa
Community-acquired infection
362 (84.4%)
13 (92.9%)
0.705
Days from symptoms onset
7.0 (3.0-10.0)
10.0 (8.2-12.2)
0.002
Duration of symptoms ≥8 days
162 (37.8%)
11 (78.6%)
0.004b
Fever
277 (64.6%)
11 (78.6%)
0.396
Cough
280 (65.3%)
10 (71.4%)
0.779
Dyspnea
234 (54.5%)
12 (85.7%)
0.027
Thoracic pain
49 (11.4%)
5 (35.7%)
0.019
Signsa
Temperature (°C)
38.1 (37.3-38.7)
37.9 (37.0-38.5)
0.301
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
117.0 (102.2-127.0)
107.0 (100.0-130.0)
0.590
Heart rate (beats/min)
92.0 (82.0-104.0)
103.0 (87.0-111.0)
0.177
Respiratory rate (breath/min)
25.0 (21.0-31.0)
26.0 (24.0-29.0)
0.805
Glasgow Coma Scale
15.0 (15.0-15.0)
15.0 (15.0-15.0)
0.212
Laboratory findingsa
White blood cells (G/l)
6.1 (4.7-8.8)
10.0 (5.9-13.2)
0.014
D-dimer (ng/ml) (among 363 patients)
1039.0 (549.0-2020.0)
3610.0 (1934.0-7093.8)
<0.001
D-dimer >3,120 ng/ml
52 (12.1%)
10 (71.4%)
<0.001b
C-reactive protein (mg/l) (among 413 patients)
61.5 (21.0-124.2)
91.0 (53.0-187.0)
0.225
Procalcitonin (ng/ml) (for 321 patients)
0.2 (0.1-0.4)
0.2 (0.1-0.5)
0.876
Radiological findingsa
Normal X-ray or ceCT scan
92 (21.4%)
3 (21.4%)
1.000
Bilateral infiltrates on X-ray or ceCT scan
247 (57.6%)
11 (78.6%)
0.168
Prior administration of therapeutic or prophylactic anticoagulation
88 (20.5%)
0 (0.0%)
0.083
Scores (prognostic or diagnostic)a
Padua score
6.0 (5.0-7.0)
6.0 (5.0-6.0)
0.814
Revised Geneva score
5.0 (3.0-6.0)
5.0 (4.2-6.8)
0.205
Revised Geneva
314 (73.2%)
12 (85.7%)
0.373
Simplified Geneva risk assessment model
5.0 (4.0-6.0)
5.0 (4.2-5.0)
0.809
Simplified Geneva risk assessment
396 (92.3%)
12 (85.7%)
0.305
Wells criteria
1.0 (0.0-1.5)
3.8 (1.9-4.5)
<0.001
Wells
97 (22.6%)
10 (71.4%)
<0.001
Outcome
Type of discharge
Discharge at home
217 (50.6%)
10 (71.4%)
Transfer to other acute care hospital
48 (11.2%)
2 (14.3%)
Rehabilitation
82 (19.1%)
0 (0.0%)
Still hospitalized
23 (5.4%)
1 (7.1%)
Death
59 (13.8%)
1 (7.1%)
0.704
Length of hospitalization
10.9 (4.0-13.0)
9.9 (3.0-13.0)
0.688
Data are number (%) of patients or median (-). aUpon admission. bFactors included in the multivariate analysis. ceCT: contrast-enhanced computed tomography.
