Research Article
Prevalence of Hyperhomocysteinaemia and Associated Factors among Ethiopian Adult Population in a 2015 National Survey
Table 2
Lifestyle factors and biochemical measures of study participants, Ethiopia, 2015.
| | Variables n (%) | Total | Male | Female | value | | 4175 (100) | 1722 (41.2) | 2453 (58.8) |
| | Physical activity level | | | | | | Low | 609 (14.7) | 159 (9.3) | 450 (18.5) | <0.001 | | Moderate | 679 (16.4) | 178 (10.4) | 501 (20.6) | | High | 2850 (68.9) | 1372 (80.3) | 1478 (60.8) |
| | Current smoking | | | | | | Yes | 233 (5.6) | 202 (11.7) | 31 (1.3) | <0.001 | | No | 3942 (94.4) | 1520 (88.3) | 2422 (98.7) |
| | Current alcohol intake | | | | | | Yes | 1708 (92.8) | 833 (95.3) | 875 (90.6) | <0.001 | | No | 132 (7.2) | 41 (4.7) | 91 (9.4) |
| | Fruit and vegetable consumption | | | | | | Yes | 50 (1.2) | 18 (1.0) | 32 (1.3) | 0.448 | | No | 4125 (98.8) | 1704 (99.0) | 2421 (98.7) |
| | Blood sugar level | | | | | | Normal (<110 mg/dl) | 3740 (92.5) | 1546 (92.4) | 2194 (92.5) | 0.140 | | Impaired fasting glucose (110–125 mg/dl) | 185 (4.6) | 69 (4.1) | 116 (4.9) | | Raised blood sugar (≥126 mg/dl) | 119 (2.9) | 58 (3.5) | 61 (2.6) |
| | Raised blood pressure/on blood pressure medicationΔ | | | | | | Yes | 722 (17.3) | 280 (16.3) | 442 (18.0) | 0.139 | | No | 3453 (82.7) | 1442 (83.7) | 2011 (82.0) |
| | Total cholesterol level (mg/dl) | | | | | | <200 | 3796 (92.6) | 1621 (95.3) | 2175 (90.7) | <0.001 | | ≥200 | 304 (7.4) | 80 (4.7) | 224 (9.3) |
| | Triglyceride level (mg/dl) | | | | | | <150 | 3192 (76.5) | 1319 (76.6) | 1873 (76.4) | 0.856 | | ≥150 | 983 (23.5) | 403 (23.4) | 580 (23.6) |
| | HDL level Φ | | | | | | Normal | 1400 (34.7) | 673 (40.5) | 1400 (30.7) | <0.001 | | Low | 2630 (65.3) | 990 (59.5) | 2630 (69.3) |
| | Homocysteine (μmol/L)b | 14.6 ± 6.8 | 16.4 ± 7.5 | 13.4 ± 6.0 | <0.001 |
| | Homocysteine level (μmol/L) | | | | | | <15 | 2593 (62.1) | 879 (51.0) | 1714 (69.9) | <0.001 | | ≥15 | 1582 (37.9) | 843 (49.0) | 739 (30.1) |
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ΔSBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; raised blood pressure (SBP ≥ 140 and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg). ΦHDL level: low HDL level for males, <40 mg/dl, and for females, <50 mg/dl. bValues are mean ± standard deviation.
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