A Predictive Model for Tumor Invasion of the Inferior Vena Cava Wall Using Multimodal Imaging in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma and Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombus

Figure 4

Imaging and pathological findings in a 63-year-old male with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) in the right kidney with inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombus (IVCTT, Mayo III). (a) Ultrasound images showing that the IVC is completely obstructed and has no residual blood flow. (b) Coronal gadolinium enhanced T1-weighted image showing the IVCTT and its maximum coronal diameter of 37.5 mm. The possibility of IVC invasion was 68% in this case. In consideration of tumor invasion of IVC wall, so IVC resection was performed.

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