Risk Factors of Portal Vein Thrombosis after Devascularization Treatment in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Nested Case-Control Study
Table 1
Univariate analysis of risk factors for perioperative thrombosis.
Factor
Without PVT ()
PVT ()
Age
0.007
Meld score
0.723
The time from the first hemorrhage to surgery (years)
0.4 (0.2-0.9)
0.4 (0.2-1.15)
0.633 (0.604)
Spleen length (cm)
15 (14-18)
17 (15-19)
0.015 (0.012)
Spleen width (cm)
10 (10-12)
11 (10-13)
0.029 (0.044)
Spleen thickness (cm)
6 (5-6.5)
6 (5-8)
0.044 (0.123)
Red blood cells (×1012/L)
0.7
Hemoglobin (g/L)
0.251
White blood cells (×109/L)
0.001
Platelets (×109/L)
57 (36-75)
47 (35.5-71)
0.312 (0.157)
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)
0.476
Combined bilirubin (μmol/L)
5.9 (4.9-8.3)
7.1 (5.6-9.7)
0.072 (0.174)
Albumin (g/L)
0.038
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)
25 (18-37)
26 (19.5-36)
0.982 (0.936)
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)
32 (25.72-43.5)
31.0 (23.0-43.5)
0.560 (0.811)
Creatinine (μmol/L)
69 (59-80)
72 (59-82)
0.690 (0.877)
Urea (mmol/L)
4.7 (3.8-5.7)
5 (4.15-5.95)
0.656 (0.51)
Uric acid (μmol/L)
0.198
Activated partial thromboplastin time (s)
0.13
International normalization ratio
0.427
Thrombin time (s)
0.665
Prothrombin time (s)
14.3 (13.6-15.6)
14.5 (13.75-15.65)
0.517 (0.345)
Fibrinogen (mg/dL)
0.485
Portal vein diameter (mm)
11.8 (10-13)
12.5 (11.0-14.0)
0.001 (<0.001)
Portal vein blood flow velocity (m/s)
0.535
Postoperative platelets (×109/L)
0.321
Spleen volume (cm3)
552.0 (419.76-762.83)
720.2 (535.73-1028.76)
0.005 (0.041)
Previous history of endoscopic therapy
No
47 (74.6%)
51 (83.6%)
0.218
Yes
16 (25.4%)
10 (16.4%)
Child-Pugh grade
A
46 (73.0%)
52 (85.2%)
0.094
B+C
17 (27.0%)
9 (14.8%)
History of abdominal surgery
No
57 (90.5%)
58 (95.1%)
0.492
Yes
6 (9.5%)
3 (4.9%)
Combined devascularization
No
18 (28.6%)
8 (13.1%)
0.035
Yes
45 (71.4%)
53 (86.9%)
Peripheral blood vessel dissection
No
45 (71.4%)
53 (86.9%)
0.035
Yes
18 (28.6%)
8 (13.1%)
Hypertension
No
56 (88.9%)
58 (95.1%)
0.324
Yes
7 (11.1%)
3 (4.9%)
Diabetes
No
54 (85.7%)
55 (90.2%)
0.447
Yes
9 (14.3%)
6 (9.8%)
Smoking
No
56 (88.9%)
47 (77.0%)
0.079
Yes
7 (11.1%)
14 (23.0%)
History of blood transfusion
No
34 (54.0%)
31 (50.8%)
0.726
Yes
29 (46.0%)
30 (49.2%)
Grade of splenomegaly
0
21 (33.3%)
9 (14.8%)
0.440
I
14 (22.2%)
21 (34.4%)
(0.007)
II
6 (9.5%)
16 (26.2%)
III
22 (34.9%)
15 (24.6%)
Grade of esophageal varices
No
1 (1.6%)
0 (0%)
0.593
Mild
1 (1.6%)
1 (1.6%)
(0.737)
Moderate
9 (14.3%)
7 (11.5%)
Severe
52 (82.5%)
49 (80.3%)
With gastric varices
No
21 (33.3%)
33 (54.1%)
0.020
Yes
42 (66.7%)
28 (45.9%)
Ascites
No
47 (74.6%)
43 (70.5%)
0.608
Yes
16 (25.4%)
18 (29.5%)
Hepatic encephalopathy
No
62 (98.4%)
60 (98.4%)
1.0
Yes
1 (1.6%)
1 (1.6%)
Posthepatitic cirrhosis
No
23 (36.5%)
18 (29.5%)
0.407
Yes
40 (63.5%)
43 (70.5%)
using the K–S test for data that were not normally distributed. A nonparametric test was used to compare the groups. The results obtained using -tests are also included. Graded variables. Rank sum tests were used to compare groups, and the chi-square test results are also included.
