Synthesis of 2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)-3-hydroxysqualene and Characterization of Its Anti-Inflammatory Effects

Figure 5

Effects of squalene (SQ) and 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-hydroxysqualene (HEHSQ) on the production TNF-α (a) and CCL2 (b) in RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells were treated with 100 µg/mL SQ or 1 µg/mL HEHSQ for 24 h. Following that, cells were activated with LPS (1 µg/mL) for 12 h. After activation, the levels of TNF-α and CCL2 in the culture supernatant were evaluated using ELISA assays. Values are expressed as the mean ± SD of triplicate experiments and are expressed relative to the percentage of control LPS (−). The mean value that is significantly different from that of the control LPS (−) group is indicated as . The mean value that is significantly different from that of the control LPS (+) group is indicated as .

(a)

(b)