Clinical Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients with Drug-Induced Acute Kidney Injury and Associated Risk Factors: A Case-Control Study

Table 3

Univariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors for D-AKI (cases , controls ).

Variables	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Age	1.02 (1.01-1.04)
Age ≥60	1.89 (1.24-2.88)
Smoking history	1.64 (1.08-2.49)
Alcohol abuse	1.89 (1.23-2.90)	2.05 (1.04-4.07)
Number of concomitant drugs	1.05 (1.02-1.08)
Number of concomitant	2.31 (1.45-3.70)
ARBs	2.17 (1.32-3.56)
NSAIDs	2.24 (1.44-3.49)	2.39 (1.25-4.58)
Diuretics	5.70 (3.61-8.99)	2.64 (1.42-4.92)
Hypertension	1.66 (1.10-2.51)
Diabetes mellitus	2.25 (1.41-3.59)
Cardiovascular disease	4.13 (2.60-6.57)
Anemia	4.19 (2.67-6.56)	4.10 (1.94-8.67)
CKD	3.84 (2.21-6.70)	2.33 (1.07-5.08)
Baseline SCr	1.01 (1.01-1.02)
Baseline eGFR	0.98 (0.97-0.99)
Baseline eGFR <60	4.69 (2.88-7.64)
Fasting blood glucose	1.11 (1.05-1.18)
HB	0.98 (0.98-0.99)
RBC count	0.55 (0.42-0.73)
WBC count	1.13 (1.08-1.18)
Neutrophil count	1.15 (1.09-1.20)
Monocyte count	2.34 (1.37-4.01)
RDW	1.09 (1.00-1.18)
Platelet count	1.00 (0.99-1.00)
NLR	1.02 (1.01-1.04)

Adjusted for all variables in the table. ARBs: angiotensin receptor blockers; NSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; CKD: chronic kidney disease; SCr: serum creatinine; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; HB: hemoglobin; RDW: red blood cell distribution width; NLR: neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio.