High-Intensity Interval Training versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Health Outcomes for Children and Adolescents: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Table 2

Subgroup analyses of investigated outcomes based on age (≥ 12.0 years and < 12.0 years).

Outcomes	Subgroup	Number of studies	WMD and 95% CI	value	^2 (%)	value between subgroups
Peak VO2	≥ 12.0 years	7	2.81 (1.75 to 3.86)	< 0.001	0.0	0.685
	< 12.0 years	3	2.65 (-0.17 to 5.48)	0.066	55.9
Peak heart rate	≥ 12.0 years	5	2.46 (-3.11 to 8.02)	0.387	87.8	0.046
	< 12.0 years	2	-4.36 (-8.12 to -0.61)	0.023	0.0
Fat mass	≥ 12.0 years	9	-0.30 (-2.31 to 1.71)	0.771	55.1	0.258
	< 12.0 years	2	0.64 (-2.23 to 3.51)	0.660	0.0
Free fat mass	≥ 12.0 years	3	0.54 (-2.68 to 3.76)	0.741	0.0	0.858
	< 12.0 years	1	0.00 (-4.98 to 4.98)	1.000	—
Weight	≥ 12.0 years	9	-0.59 (-2.73 to 1.55)	0.591	20.8	0.736
	< 12.0 years	2	0.58 (-4.92 to 6.08)	0.836	19.0
BMI	≥ 12.0 years	10	-0.05 (-0.85 to 0.75)	0.899	35.7	0.705
	< 12.0 years	3	0.15 (-0.93 to 1.24)	0.780	0.0
Waist circumference	≥ 12.0 years	3	-2.44 (-6.82 to 1.94)	0.274	39.7	0.345
	< 12.0 years	3	-0.71 (-5.86 to 4.44)	0.786	78.9
SBP	≥ 12.0 years	5	-1.32 (-4.50 to 1.87)	0.419	74.0	0.609
	< 12.0 years	2	-1.41 (-5.82 to 2.99)	0.529	0.0
DBP	≥ 12.0 years	5	0.81 (-0.45 to 2.07)	0.208	0.0	0.410
	< 12.0 years	2	-0.35 (-2.80 to 2.11)	0.782	0.0
Glycemia	≥ 12.0 years	3	-3.64 (-12.38 to 5.11)	0.415	70.6	0.204
	< 12.0 years	1	1.00 (-3.67 to 5.67)	0.674	—
Insulinemia	≥ 12.0 years	4	-1.52 (-5.36 to 2.32)	0.437	50.6	0.805
	< 12.0 years	2	-2.13 (-6.08 to 1.83)	0.292	0.0
TC	≥ 12.0 years	4	-6.88 (-13.83 to 0.06)	0.052	0.0	0.519
	< 12.0 years	1	1.00 (-21.95 to 23.95)	0.932	—
HDL	≥ 12.0 years	3	1.24 (-5.89 to 8.38)	0.733	81.1	0.586
	< 12.0 years	1	0.00 (-6.60 to 6.60)	1.000	—
LDL	≥ 12.0 years	3	-4.32 (-13.82 to 5.19)	0.373	51.2	0.578
	< 12.0 years	1	4.00 (-14.83 to 22.83)	0.677	—
TG	≥ 12.0 years	4	-5.70 (-13.93 to 2.52)	0.174	0.0	0.804
	< 12.0 years	1	-9.00 (-33.76 to 15.76)	0.476	—
HOMA index	≥ 12.0 years	4	-0.33 (-0.67 to 0.02)	0.062	0.0	0.663
	< 12.0 years	1	0.00 (-1.43 to 1.43)	1.000	—
HbA1c	≥ 12.0 years	2	0.18 (0.02 to 0.34)	0.028	0.0	0.067
	< 12.0 years	1	0.00 (-0.11 to 0.11)	1.000	—
Leptinemia	≥ 12.0 years	2	-3.51 (-14.57 to 7.55)	0.534	88.8	0.116
	< 12.0 years	1	7.00 (-4.10 to 18.10)	0.216	—