Prostate Health Index and Prostate Health Index Density as Diagnostic Tools for Improved Prostate Cancer Detection
Table 3
Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of blood serum biomarkers in predicting clinically significant prostate cancer according to Epstein’s criteria.
According to Youden’s index
90% sensitivity
Cut-off
Sensitivity (% (95% CI))
Specificity (% (95% CI))
PPV (% (95% CI))
NPV (% (95% CI))
Cut-off
Specificity (% (95% CI))
PPV (% (95% CI))
NPV (% (95% CI))
tPSA (ng/mL)
4.28
51.9 (40.5-63.1)
71.3 (62.7-78.9)
53.2 (41.6-64.5)
70.2 (61.6-77.9)
2.77
24.0 (16.7-31.4)
42.7 (35.3-50.1)
79.5 (66.8-92.2)
PSAD (ng/mL/cc)
0.09
81.5 (71.3-89.3)
61.2 (52.3-69.7)
56.9 (47.4-66.1)
84.0 (75.1-90.8)
0.07
41.9 (33.2-50.9)
49.3 (41.0-57.7)
87.1 (76.2-94.3)
fPSA (ng/mL)
0.44
38.3 (27.7-49.7)
82.2 (74.5-88.4)
57.4 (43.2-70.8)
67.9 (60.0-75.2)
0.28
4.7 (1.0-8.3)
36.9 (30.2-43.7)
40.0 (15.2-64.8)
%fPSA
12.15-12.90
59.3 (47.8-70.1)
86.8 (79.7-92.1)
73.8 (61.5-84.0)
77.2 (69.6-83.8)
7.00
1.6 (0.0-3.7)
35.5 (28.9-42.2)
15.4 (0.0-35.0)
p2PSA (pg/mL)
15.19
28.4 (18.9-39.5)
77.5 (69.3-84.4)
44.2 (30.5-58.7)
63.3 (55.3-70.8)
5.80
5.4 (1.5-9.3)
37.4 (30.6-44.2)
46.7 (21.4-71.9)
%p2PSA
2.07
69.1 (57.9-78.9)
64.3 (55.4-72.6)
54.9 (44.7-64.8)
76.9 (67.8-84.4)
1.54
31.8 (23.8-39.8)
45.3 (37.7-53.0)
83.7 (70.3-92.7)
phi
44.47
69.1 (57.9-78.9)
81.4 (73.6-87.7)
70.0 (58.7-79.7)
80.8 (72.9-87.2)
31.92
35.7 (27.4-43.9)
46.8 (39.0-54.6)
85.2 (75.7-94.7)
PHID
1.06
71.6 (60.5-81.1)
78.3 (70.2-85.1)
67.4 (56.5-77.2)
81.5 (73.5-87.9)
0.61
36.4 (28.1-45.4)
47.1 (39.0-55.3)
85.5 (73.3-93.5)
Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; fPSA: free prostate-specific antigen; NPV: negative predictive value; PPV: positive predictive value; PSAD: prostate-specific antigen density; phi: Prostate Health Index; PHID: phi density; tPSA: total PSA; %fPSA: free to total PSA ratio; %p2PSA: p2PSA to fPSA ratio.
