Prostate Health Index and Prostate Health Index Density as Diagnostic Tools for Improved Prostate Cancer Detection

Table 6

Multivariate logistic regression model analysis predicting the overall and clinically significant prostate cancer.

Predictors	Overall PCa					Clinically significant PCa
						According to Epstein’s criteria					ISUP
	Base model	Base model+p2PSA	Base model+%p2PSA	Base model+phi	Base model+PHID	Base model	Base model+p2PSA	Base model+%p2PSA	Base model+phi	Base model+PHID	Base model	Base model+p2PSA	Base model+%p2PSA	Base model+phi	Base model+PHID
	OR (95% CI); value	OR (95% CI); value	OR (95% CI); value	OR (95% CI); value	OR (95% CI); value	OR (95% CI); value	OR (95% CI); value	OR (95% CI); value	OR (95% CI); value	OR (95% CI); value	OR (95% CI); P value	OR (95% CI); value	OR (95% CI); value	OR (95% CI); value	OR (95% CI); value
Repeated biopsy	0.44	0.34	0.44	0.37	0.37	—	0.36	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	(0.20-0.99)	(0.14-0.80)	(0.19-0.99)	(0.16-0.86)	(0.16-0.86)	—	(0.13-0.98)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	0.048	0.013	0.048	0.021	0.019	>0.05	0.046	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05
PV (mL)	0.96	0.96	0.97	0.97	—	0.96	0.96	0.96	0.97	—	—	—	—	—	—
	(0.95-0.98)	(0.95-0.98)	(0.95-0.98)	(0.95 0.99)	—	(0.94-0.98)	(0.94-0.99)	(0.94-0.99)	(0.95-0.99)	—	—	—	—	—	—
	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	>0.05	0.000	0.001	0.0012	0.004	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05
fPSA (ng/mL)	—	—	—	—	—	4.38	—	6.59	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	—	—	—	—	—	(1.22-15.71)	—	(1.68-25.97)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	0.024	>0.05	0.007	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05
%fPSA	0.94	0.91	—	—	—	0.85	0.85	0.86	0.93	0.93	0.88	0.84	0.91	0.93	0.93
	(0.90-0.99)	(0.86-0.96)	—	—	—	(0.80-0.92)	(0.79-0.91)	(0.80-0.92)	(0.88-0.99)	(0.88-0.99)	(0.82-0.94)	(0.78-0.91)	(0.85-0.98)	(0.86-1.00)	(0.88-0.99)
	0.022	0.001	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.032	0.031	0.000	<0000	0.009	0.045	0.031
p2PSA (pg/mL)		1.10					1.13					1.09
		(1.03-1.17)					(1.06-1.22)					(1.03-1.15)
		0.003					0.000					0.004
%p2PSA			2.01					1.95					2.11
			(1.24-3.27)					(1.13-3.35)					(1.27-3.49)
			0.005					0.016					0.004
phi				1.05					1.05					1.04
				(1.02-1.07)					(1.02-1.08)					(1.02-1.07)
									0.001					0.002
PHID					4.34					3.58					2.38
					(2.52-7.48)					(2.03-6.30)					(1.61-3.53)
					0.000					0.000					0.000

Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; fPSA: free prostate-specific antigen; ISUP: International Society of Urological Pathology; OR: odds ratio; PCa: prostate cancer; PV: prostate volume; phi: Prostate Health Index; PHID: phi density; tPSA: total PSA; %fPSA: free to total PSA ratio; %p2PSA: p2PSA to fPSA ratio.