Vitamin D Decreases Plasma Trimethylamine-N-oxide Level in Mice by Regulating Gut Microbiota

Figure 1

Effects of a high-choline diet and vitamin D₃ supplementation on plasma TMA and TMAO levels: (a) TMA level; (b) TMAO level. Chow diet (C, ), high-choline diet (HC, ), chow diet supplemented with vitamin D₃ (CD3, ), high-choline diet supplemented with vitamin D₃ (HCD3, ), and high-choline diet supplemented with vitamin D₃ and broad-spectrum antibiotics (HCD3A, ) were fed to C57BL/6J mice for 16 weeks. Data are represented as the . Significant differences between groups were determined by one-way ANOVA.

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