Curcumin Inhibits Replication of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 by Affecting Viral Inclusion Body Formation

Figure 2

Curcumin inhibits multiple stages of the HPIV3 life cycle. (a, b) A549 cells were pretreated, cotreated, or posttreated with 20 μM curcumin as described in Materials and Methods. The sham group was nontreated. Cells were collected after 36 h infection, and the viral HN protein and control β-actin were detected by WB. HN/β-actin for each group was calculated as described in the legend for Figure 1. Data are from three experiments. Student’s test: ns: nonsignificant; . (c) Pre-, co-, or posttreated A549 cells were collected, and real-time PCR was performed as described in Materials and Methods to detect viral RNAs. Cellular β-actin mRNA was used as the control. Samples were examined in triplicate, and data are from three experiments. Student’s test: ns: nonsignificant; . (d, e) A549 cells were infected with HPIV3 and posttreated with 20 μM curcumin as above. Then, curcumin was removed after 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h of posttreatment. Cells were collected, and the viral HN protein and control β-actin were detected by WB. HN/β-actin for each group was calculated as above. Data are from three experiments. Student’s test: ns: nonsignificant; .

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