Increased Risk of Stillbirth among Women whose Partner Has Tuberculosis
Table 1
Characteristics of the study population between cases and controls.
Variables
Control (31945)
Case (6389)
Female’s characteristics
Age (year)
28.00 [25.00, 31.00]
28.00 [25.00, 31.00]
0.937
Ethnicity
Han Chinese
29398 (92.0)
5752 (90.0)
<0.001
Others
2547 (8.0)
637 (10.0)
Education level
Junior high school and below
15471 (48.4)
2064 (32.3)
<0.001
High school and junior college
14926 (46.7)
3711 (58.1)
Bachelor and above
1548 (4.8)
614 (9.6)
Intensity of work
Light
6515 (20.4)
2180 (34.1)
<0.001
Moderate
4492 (14.1)
1401 (21.9)
Heavy
20938 (65.5)
2808 (44.0)
Residence
Country
26348 (82.5)
4339 (67.9)
<0.001
City
5597 (17.5)
2050 (32.1)
Menarche age
14.00 [13.00, 14.00]
13.00 [13.00, 14.00]
0.54
Has regular menstrual cycle
No
1729 (5.4)
655 (10.3)
<0.001
Yes
30216 (94.6)
5734 (89.7)
Menstrual blood volume
Much
819 (2.6)
209 (3.3)
<0.001
Median
29815 (93.3)
5537 (86.7)
Few
1311 (4.1)
643 (10.1)
Dysmenorrhea
No
22068 (69.1)
3528 (55.2)
<0.001
Yes
9877 (30.9)
2861 (44.8)
Gravidity
0
14970 (46.9)
2723 (42.6)
<0.001
1
11946 (37.4)
2007 (31.4)
≥2
5029 (15.7)
1659 (26.0)
Parity
0
16916 (53.0)
3787 (59.3)
<0.001
≥1
15029 (47.0)
2602 (40.7)
Eat meat and eggs regularly
No
276 (0.9)
62 (1.0)
0.449
Yes
31669 (99.1)
6327 (99.0)
Anorexia vegetables
No
31759 (99.4)
6349 (99.4)
0.743
Yes
186 (0.6)
40 (0.6)
Eat raw meat regularly
No
31806 (99.6)
6330 (99.1)
<0.001
Yes
139 (0.4)
59 (0.9)
Smoking
No
31854 (99.7)
6335 (99.2)
<0.001
Yes
91 (0.3)
54 (0.8)
Passive smoking
No
27747 (86.9)
4596 (71.9)
<0.001
Yes
4198 (13.1)
1793 (28.1)
Drinking
No
30697 (96.1)
5772 (90.3)
<0.001
Yes
1248 (3.9)
617 (9.7)
Pressure of life and work
Never
24511 (76.7)
3827 (59.9)
<0.001
Mild
3994 (12.5)
922 (14.4)
Moderate
3166 (9.9)
1430 (22.4)
Severe
274 (0.9)
210 (3.3)
BMI (kg/m2)
20.57 [19.04, 22.67]
20.56 [19.03, 22.67]
0.77
SBP (mmHg)
110.00 [100.00, 115.00]
110.00 [100.00, 116.00]
0.511
DBP (mmHg)
70.00 [66.00, 75.00]
70.00 [65.00, 76.00]
0.441
Blood group
O
10736 (33.6)
2370 (37.1)
<0.001
A
9279 (29.0)
1807 (28.3)
B
9122 (28.6)
1738 (27.2)
AB
2808 (8.8)
474 (7.4)
Rh blood group
Po
31843 (99.7)
6373 (99.7)
0.433
Ne
102 (0.3)
16 (0.3)
FBG (mmol/L)
4.78 [4.32, 5.20]
4.81 [4.40, 5.21]
<0.001
ALT (U/L)
16.00 [11.70, 22.90]
15.00 [11.00, 21.00]
<0.001
Creatinine (μmol/L)
63.00 [53.00, 74.00]
59.00 [51.00, 70.00]
<0.001
TSH (mIU/L)
1.61 [1.07, 2.34]
1.78 [1.15, 2.65]
<0.001
History of diseases in female
Anemia
No
31355 (98.2)
6133 (96.0)
<0.001
Yes
590 (1.8)
256 (4.0)
Thyroid disease
No
31739 (99.4)
6280 (98.3)
<0.001
Yes
206 (0.6)
109 (1.7)
History of premature birth
No
31867 (99.8)
6364 (99.6)
0.052
Yes
78 (0.2)
25 (0.4)
History of stillbirth
No
31693 (99.2)
6294 (98.5)
<0.001
Yes
252 (0.8)
95 (1.5)
History of natural abortion
No
30929 (96.8)
5956 (93.2)
<0.001
Yes
1016 (3.2)
433 (6.8)
History of artificial abortion
0
26664 (83.5)
4354 (68.1)
<0.001
1
3605 (11.3)
1324 (20.7)
>1
1676 (5.2)
711 (11.1)
Partner’s characteristics
Age (year)
29.00 [26.00, 33.00]
30.00 [27.00, 34.00]
<0.001
Ethnicity
Han
29537 (92.5)
5812 (91.0)
<0.001
Other
2408 (7.5)
577 (9.0)
Education level
Junior high school and below
15187 (47.5)
1992 (31.2)
<0.001
High school and junior college
15185 (47.5)
3777 (59.1)
Bachelor and above
1573 (4.9)
620 (9.7)
Intensity of work
Light
4974 (15.6)
1747 (27.3)
<0.001
Moderate
5454 (17.1)
1651 (25.8)
Heavy
21517 (67.4)
2991 (46.8)
Eat meat and eggs regularly
No
323 (1.0)
86 (1.3)
0.021
Yes
31622 (99.0)
6303 (98.7)
Anorexia vegetables
No
31765 (99.4)
6304 (98.7)
<0.001
Yes
180 (0.6)
85 (1.3)
Eat raw meat
No
31734 (99.3)
6299 (98.6)
<0.001
Yes
211 (0.7)
90 (1.4)
Smoking
No
22878 (71.6)
4182 (65.5)
<0.001
Yes
9067 (28.4)
2207 (34.5)
Passive smoking
No
23041 (72.1)
3487 (54.6)
<0.001
Yes
8904 (27.9)
2902 (45.4)
Drinking
No
22007 (68.9)
3266 (51.1)
<0.001
Yes
9938 (31.1)
3123 (48.9)
Pressure of life and work
Never
23371 (73.2)
3489 (54.6)
<0.001
Mild
4723 (14.8)
960 (15.0)
Moderate
3370 (10.5)
1627 (25.5)
Severe
481 (1.5)
313 (4.9)
BMI (kg/m2)
22.86 [21.00, 25.05]
22.49 [20.42, 24.77]
<0.001
SBP (mmHg)
118.00 [110.00, 121.00]
118.00 [110.00, 124.00]
<0.001
DBP (mmHg)
75.00 [70.00, 80.00]
75.00 [70.00, 80.00]
0.091
Blood group
O
10861 (34.0)
2335 (36.5)
<0.001
A
9280 (29.0)
1870 (29.3)
B
9003 (28.2)
1705 (26.7)
AB
2801 (8.8)
479 (7.5)
Rh blood group
Po
31839 (99.7)
6375 (99.8)
0.177
Ne
106 (0.3)
14 (0.2)
ALT (U/L)
25.00 [17.60, 36.00]
25.00 [17.00, 38.20]
0.114
Creatinine (μmol/L)
81.00 [72.40, 91.00]
81.20 [72.50, 91.50]
0.484
The distribution of continuous variables is expressed as the median [lower quartile, upper quartile]. BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FBG: fasting blood glucose; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone; Ne: negative; Po: positive; case: women or partner with TB; control: healthy women with healthy partner.
