Human Papillomavirus Types Associated with Cervical Dysplasia among HIV- and Non-HIV-Infected Women Attending Reproductive Health Clinics in Eastern Kenya
Table 2
Sociodemographic and HPV-associated risk factors among HIV- and non-HIV-infected women.
Category
(%)
Total
HIV negative ( (%))
HIV positive ( (%)]
HPV
HPV status
Total
value
HPV status
Total
value
Prevalence
Negative
positive
negative
positive
Residence
Embu
85 (26.8)
27 (8.5)
36 (11.4)
5 (1.6)
41 (13.0)
0.853
22 (6.9)
22 (6.9)
44 (13.8)
0.383
Isiolo
64 (20.2)
18 (5.7)
35 (11.0)
3 (0.9)
38 (11.9)
11 (3.5)
15 (4.7)
26 (8.2)
Kirinyaga
56 (17.7)
12 (3.8)
22 (6.9)
1 (0.3)
23 (7.2)
22 (6.9)
11 (3.5)
33 (10.4)
Meru
81 (25.6)
20 (6.3)
37 (11.7)
3 (0.9)
40 (12.6)
24 (7.6)
17 (5.4)
41 (13.0)
T.Nithi
31 (9.8)
9 (2.8)
13 (4.1)
1 (0.3)
14 (4.4)
9 (2.8)
5)
17 (5.3)
Age (mean: 34.3, range 18-46)
<35
162 (51.2)
60 (18.9)
59 (18.6)
10 (3.2)
69 (21.8)
0.014
43 (13.6)
50 (15.8)
93 (29.4)
0.009
>35
155 (48.8)
26 (8.2)
84 (26.5)
3 (0.9)
87 (27.4)
45 (14.2)
23 (7.3)
68 (21.5)
Religion
Christian
255 (80.4)
70 (22.1)
108 (34.1)
10 (3.1)
118 (37)
0.607
77 (24.3)
60 (18.9)
137 (43.2)
0.237
Muslim
62 (19.6)
16 (5.0)
35 (11.1)
3 (0.9)
38 (12.0)
11 (3.5)
13 (4.1)
24 (7.6)
Education level
Primary
96 (30.3)
20 (6.3)
40 (12.6)
3 (0.9)
43 (13.5)
0.115
36 (11.4)
17 (5.4)
53 (16.8)
0.004
Secondary
135 (42.6)
39 (12.3)
66 (20.8)
4 (1.3)
70 (22.1)
30 (9.5)
35 (11.0)
65 (19.5)
College
67 (21.1)
21 (6.6)
33 (10.4)
4 (1.3)
37 (11.7)
13 (4.1)
17 (5.4)
30 (9.5)
University
19 (6.0)
6 (1.9)
4 (1.3)
2 (0.6)
6 (1.9)
9 (2.8)
4 (1.3)
13 (4.2)
Contraceptive use
Other
223 (70.3)
66 (20.8)
95 (30.0)
8 (2.5)
103 (32.5)
0.469
62 (19.6)
58 (18.3)
120 (37.9)
0.131
Hormonal
94 (29.7)
20 (6.3)
48 (15.1)
5 (1.6)
53 (16.7)
26 (8.2)
15 (4.7)
41 (12.7)
Parity
>3
68 (21.5)
16 (5.0)
30 (9.5)
8 (2.5)
38 (12.0)
0.003
22 (6.9)
39 (12.3)
41 (39.2)
0.001
<3
249 (78.5)
70 (22.1)
113 (35.6)
5 (1.6)
118 (37.2)
66 (20.8)
34 (10.7)
100 (21.5)
Marital status
Married
226 (71.3)
55 (17.4)
109 (34.4)
8 (2.5)
117 (36.9)
0.249
62 (19.6)
47 (14.8)
109 (34.4)
0.299
Separated
32 (10.1)
8 (2.5)
13 (4.1)
1 (0.3)
14 (4.4)
11 (3.5)
7 (2.2)
18 (5.7)
Single
41 (12.9)
12 (3.8)
17 (5.4)
2 (0.6)
19 (6.0)
12 (3.8)
10 (3.2)
22 (7.0)
Divorced
6 (1.9)
3 (0.9)
2 (0.6)
1 (0.3)
3 (0.9)
1 (0.3)
2 (0.6)
3 (0.9)
Widowed
12 (3.8)
8 (2.5)
2 (0.6)
1 (0.3)
3 (0.9)
2 (0.6)
7 (2.2)
9 (2.8)
Sex partners
1
186 (58.7)
43 (13.6)
91 (28.7)
7 (2.2)
98 (30.9)
0.339
52 (16.4)
36 (11.4)
88 (27.8)
0.014
>1
131 (41.3)
43 (13.6)
52 (16.4)
6 (1.9)
58 (18.3)
36 (11.4)
37 (11.7)
73 (23.1)
Total
317 (100.0)
86 (27.1)
143 (45.1)
13 (4.1)
156 (49.2)
88 (27.8)
73 (23.2)
161 (50.8)
0.001
N: negative; P: positive; : the probability at the 0.001 level; : the probability at the 0.005 level.
