Autolysis in Crustacean Tissues after Death: A Case Study Using the Procambarus clarkii Hepatopancreas

Figure 4

Ultrapathological changes of crayfish hepatopancreas at different times after death. (a–c) The normal hepatopancreas of crayfish was usually composed of R cells and F cells, R cells contained a large number of lipid droplets, and F cells were rich in organelles. (d–f) Microvilli sloughed (white ⟶), R cells ruptured (☆). (g–l) Lysosomes increased (red ⟶), mitochondrial cristae disappeared (black ⟶), endoplasmic reticulum expanded (Δ), chromatin condensed, and chromatin border shifted (white ⟶). (m–o) Cell membrane ruptured (Δ), and lysosomes released phagocytic substances (red ⟶). (p–r) Cell vacuolation (☆), nuclear necrosis (Δ). Nucleus (N), nucleolus (Nu), endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosome (Ly), lipid droplet (LD), mitochondrion (mit), and ribosome (RI).