Blue Light from Cell Phones Can Cause Chronic Retinal Light Injury: The Evidence from a Clinical Observational Study and a SD Rat Model

Figure 5

Ultrastructural images of the retinas of rats as observed by transmission electron microscopy. (a) Cross section for ultrastructural analysis of the retina of rats. (1, 5, and 9) The outer membrane disc of photoreceptors of rats in the normal control group was clear and complete, arranged orderly, with uniform chromatin and abundant cytoplasm; (2) the ultrastructure of retina of rats in the experimental group did not change significantly at 4 weeks 3 h; (3) the outer membrane disc of rats in the experimental group was loose at 4 weeks 6 h. (4) At 4 weeks 12 h, the membrane disc of the experimental group was loose, edema and a large number of vacuoles were formed, and the chromatin of the cell body was clearly thin; (6): at 8 weeks 3 h, the membrane disc of the outer segment of the experimental group was loose, and the chromatin of the cell body was thin; (7): at 8 weeks 6 h, the membrane disc of the outer segment of the experimental group was loose and disordered, vacuole was formed, and the chromatin of the cell body was thin, edge set; (8): at 8 weeks 12 h, the outer ganglion membrane disc was loose and edematous, and a large number of vacuoles were formed; the chromatin of the cell body was clearly diluted, and the organelles were reduced; (10): at 12 weeks 3 h, the outer ganglion membrane disc was loose and edematous, vacuoles were formed, and the membrane disc was destroyed; (11): at 12 weeks 6 h, the outer ganglion membrane disc was loose and showed edema, vacuole formation, and membrane disc destruction, the chromatin of the cell body became clearly light, and organelles decreased in size. (12) In the 12 h experimental group, there were a large number of vacuoles and structural damage in the disc of outer ganglion membrane, and the cell bodies were fuzzy, organelles were reduced, and the cytoplasm was dissolved. (b) Longitudinal ultrastructural section of the retina of rats. The scale bar is 12000 μm. These tests were repeated 3 times for each rat, and there were 6 rats per group.

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