Association between Periodontitis and Carotid Artery Calcification: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Subgroup and sensitivity analysis.

	No. of studies	Heterogeneity		Model	Meta-analysis
		(%)			OR	95% CI
Subgroup analysis
Definition of periodontitis
Secure	4	76.6	0.005	Random	2.02	1.18-3.45
Insecure	4	77.4	0.004	Random	10.78	4.41-26.34
Diagnosis of CAC
PR	5	82.7	<0.001	Random	2.46	1.36-4.45
CT/CBCT/DS	3	84.5	0.002	Random	14.14	3.67-54.53
Degree of periodontitis
Severe	3	95.7	<0.001	Random	6.40	1.03-39.78
Moderate	3	80.6	0.006	Random	2.43	1.04-5.70
Severe-moderate	8	88.6	<0.001	Random	4.42	2.28-8.58
Sensitivity analysis
Low-quality studies excluded	5	79.2	0.008	Random	3.92	1.98-7.73
Tiller (2011) excluded	7	90.1	<0.001	Random	4.52	2.13-9.55
Kamak (2015) excluded	7	88.9	<0.001	Random	4.19	2.03-8.62
Alsakr (2020) excluded	7	89.9	<0.001	Random	4.47	2.08-9.57
Bilgin (2020) excluded	7	89.9	<0.001	Random	5.34	2.61-10.90
Dewake (2020) excluded	7	86.50	<0.001	Random	3.56	1.91-6.64
Gustafsson (2019) excluded	7	89.8	<0.001	Random	5.05	2.24-11.42
Paju (2020) excluded	7	86.8	<0.001	Random	5.348	2.64-10.81
Ravon (2003) excluded	7	88.6	<0.001	Random	4.42	2.28-8.57