The Correlations between Clinical Features, Dermoscopic and Histopathological Findings, and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Pitted Keratolysis

Table 3

Associations between dermoscopic-histopathological findings and improvement of foot odor and lesions after 2 months of treatment.

	Foot odor			Foot lesions
	No improvement ()	Improvement ()	value	No improvement ()	Improve ment ()	value
Clinical findings at baseline
Severity of foot odor (VAS)ǂ			0.29			0.04
Mean quality-of-life scoreǂ			0.04			0.05
Involvement area (% of total foot area)	41.7	53.3	0.26	40.5	55.7	0.12
Dermoscopic findings
Pit	4 (66.7)	19 (90.5)	0.15	6 (75.0)	17 (89.5)	0.56
Size
Same	1/4 (25.0)	10/19 (52.6)	0.32	2/6 (33.3)	9/17 (52.9)	0.64
Mixed	3/4 (25.0)	9/19 (47.4)		4/6 (66.7)	8/17 (47.1)
Configuration
Same	0	7/19 (36.8)	0.27	1/6 (16.7)	6/17 (35.3)	0.62
Mixed	4/4 (100.0)	12/19 (63.2)		5/6 (83.3)	11/17 (64.7)
Arrangement
Clustered	0	3/19 (15.8)	1.00	1/6 (16.7)	2/17 (11.8)	1.00
Scattered	4/4 (100.0)	16/19 (84.2)		5/6 (83.3)	15/17 (88.2)
Characteristics
Geometric	2/4 (50.0)	1/19 (5.3)	0.07	1/6 (16.7)	2/17 (11.8)	1.00
Interrupted dermatoglyphic lines	4/4 (100.0)	16/19 (84.2)	1.00	6/6 (100)	14/17 (82.4)	0.54
Bead sign	0	5/19 (26.3)	1.00	2/6 (33.3)	3/17 (17.6)	0.58
White opaque	1 (16.7)	4 (19.0)	1.00	1 (12.5)	4 (21.1)	1.00
Black/brown opaque	1 (16.7)	1 (4.8)	0.40	2 (25)	0	0.02
Histopathological findings
Pits	6 (100.0)	20 (95.2)	1.00	8 (100.0)	18 (94.7)	1.00
Parakeratosis	2 (33.3)	2 (9.5)	0.21	2 (25.0)	2 (10.5)	0.56
Color alteration of keratin	6 (100.0)	16 (76.2)	0.56	8 (100.0)	14 (73.7)	0.11
Presence of bacteria	5 (83.3)	19 (90.5)	0.55	8 (100.0)	16 (84.2)	0.53
Location of bacteria
Only at the walls of pits	1/5 (20.0)	14/19 (73.7)	0.05	3/8 (37.5)	12/16 (75.0)	0.04
At the walls and bases of pits	4/5 (80.0)	5/19 (26.3)		5/8 (62.5)	4/16 (25.0)

was statistically significant. ǂ The statistics are presented as . Abbreviation: VAS: visual analogue score.