Protective Effect of Total Panax Notoginseng Saponins on Retinal Ganglion Cells of an Optic Nerve Crush Injury Rat Model

<div>Apoptosis of RGCs fifteen days after ONC in each group. (a) The green marked area pointed by red arrows represents the apoptosis cellular staining of RGCs/field. Magnification: 200; scale bar: 50 <i>μ</i>m. Magnified images of ON head region. Scale bar: 50 <i>μ</i>m. GCL: ganglion cell layer; INL: inner nuclear layer; IPL: inner plexiform layer; ONL: outer nuclear layer; OPL: outer plexiform layer. (b) There was a significant difference in the number of TUNEL-positive optic ganglion cells (RGCs) fifteen days after nerve injury compared with the control group. Fifteen days after nerve injury, the number of RGCs with positive TUNEL staining in a single visual field was significantly reduced in the <svg height="9.10327pt" id="M41" style="vertical-align:-0.3499298pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.75334 108.047 9.10327" width="108.047pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M381 665C170 665 44 498 44 318C44 125 188 -15 369 -15C552 -15 703 117 703 333C703 534 550 665 381 665ZM359 629C491 629 601 517 601 306C601 114 502 21 390 21C249 21 146 158 146 346S248 629 359 629Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.594,0)"><path d="M719 650H483V622C553 619 576 606 581 560C585 532 588 487 588 394V148H585L167 650H20V622C67 618 88 610 109 585C127 562 129 557 129 484V264C129 173 126 124 123 93C118 44 92 31 35 28V0H272V28C204 32 181 44 176 95C173 124 170 172 170 264V515H172L598 -9H629V394C629 487 631 532 635 563C639 606 663 619 719 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compared with the ONC group (<span class="nowrap"><svg height="8.32035pt" id="M42" style="vertical-align:-0.2063999pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.11395 27.8368 8.32035" width="27.8368pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M495 86L479 114C446 82 419 66 409 66C401 66 401 72 406 97C420 166 436 231 453 297C489 435 454 448 428 448C406 448 384 439 354 422C305 394 222 327 161 247H159L183 345C200 415 194 448 173 448C143 448 82 410 23 351L38 325C64 349 95 371 105 371C111 371 116 365 109 336L25 -4L31 -12C50 -4 77 3 107 9C119 69 132 122 145 168C197 254 321 381 370 381C387 381 393 374 378 305L329 95C309 17 320 -12 345 -12C372 -12 430 19 495 86Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.158,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21.421,0)"><path d="M153 550H386L412 615L406 623H120L82 318C104 327 142 338 184 338C294 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BioMed Research International

fig4

Figure 4

Figure 4: Protective Effect of Total Panax Notoginseng Saponins on Retinal Ganglion Cells of an Optic Nerve Crush Injury Rat Model 