BioMed Research International

Review Article

Application of Primary/Secondary Circulating Tumor Cells for the Prediction of Biochemical Recurrence in Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer Patients following Radical Prostatectomy or Radiotherapy: A Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Summary of eligible studies.


Study	Design	Country	Treatment procedures	CTC detection methods	Median (mean) initial PSA level (range) (ng/ml)	Median follow-up (range) (months)	Samples were collected prior to treatment		Samples were collected after treatment		NOS score (max: 9), for non-RCT
Study	Design	Country	Treatment procedures	CTC detection methods	Median (mean) initial PSA level (range) (ng/ml)	Median follow-up (range) (months)	Number of BF/CTC+ patients	Number of BF/CTC− patients	Number of BF/CTC+ patients	Number of BF/CTC− patients	NOS score (max: 9), for non-RCT

Zapatero et al., 2020 [34]	Prospective cohort study	Spain	RT	CSS	12.6 (3.2–68.7)	55 (10–40)	0/8	1/54	0/11	1/48	6
Thalgott et al., 2015 [33]	Prospective cohort study	Germany	RP	CSS	23 (40.7) (5.7–260.0)	44.3 (25–52)	3/6	4/9	3/4	4/11	6
Murray et al., 2016 [29]	Prospective cohort study	Chile	RP	Density gradient centrifugation+immunocytochemistry	5.89	60	98/224	5/61	—	—	7
Murray et al., 2016 [17]	Prospective cohort study	Chile	RP	Density gradient centrifugation+immunocytochemistry	5.7	60	93/211	4/56	—	—	7
Murray et al., 2018 [16]	Prospective cohort study	Chile	RP	Density gradient centrifugation+immunocytochemistry	5.52	(36–60)	—	—	109/127	22/194	7
Murray et al., 2020 [30]	Prospective cohort study	Chile	RT	Density gradient centrifugation+immunocytochemistry	6.3	96.36 (9.6–183.6)	—	—	80/112	46/197	8
Meyer et al., 2016 [24]	Prospective cohort study	Germany	RP	CSS	6.6 (0.04–87)	44.3 (48/36–60)	5/17	43/135	—	—	7
Murray et al., 2013 [31]	Prospective cohort study	Chile	RP	Density gradient centrifugation+immunocytochemistry	NR	NR	—	—	25/38	5/56	6
Pal et al., 2015 [32]	Prospective cohort study	America	RP	CSS	NR	17 (3.6–29.8)	6/16	8/16	11/15	11/17	7
Salami et al., 2019 [25]	Prospective cohort study	America	RP or RT	RBC lysis+immunocytochemistry	RP: 6.7 (1.8, 66.0) RT: 11.9 (1.2, 74.1)	14.2 (0.5–43.7)	RP: 13/19 RT: 0/14	RP: 2/7 RT: 1/5	—	—	7
Helo et al., 2009 [28]	Prospective cohort study	America	RP	RT-PCR	NR	NR	0/6	6/81	0/6	4/36	6
Pak et al., 2020 [35]	Prospective cohort study	Korea	RP	Based on replication-competent adenovirus	NR	(0–48)	44/44	61/61	70/73	117/130	8

RP: radical prostatectomy; RT: radiotherapy; CTC: circulating tumor cell; CSS: Cell Search System; RT-PCR: reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; RBC: red blood cell; BF: biochemical recurrence; PSA: prostate-specific antigen; NR: not reported.