Bacterial Pathogens and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Inanimate Surfaces and Equipment in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Table 1

Quality assessment of included studies using JBI’s critical appraisal tools.

Studies	9-point Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5	Q6	Q7	Q8	Q9	Overall score	Include
Shiferaw et al., 2016 [3]	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	9	✓
Darge et al., 2019 [28]	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N	Y	Y	7	✓
Hailu et al., 2018 [29]	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	9	✓
Workneh et al., 2019 [4]	U	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	8	✓
Agersew et al., 2015 [39]	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	Y	Y	7	✓
Bodena et al., 2019 [40]	N	Y	Y	Y	U	Y	Y	N	Y	6	✓
Mengistu et al., 2018 [41]	N	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	N	5	✓
Mengistu et al., 2016 [13]	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	9	✓
Girma et al., 2014 [42]	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	9	✓
Shiferaw et al., 2013 [24]	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	7	✓
Teshale et al., 2018 [43]	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	8	✓
Solomon et al., 2017 [44]	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	9	✓
Kahsay et al., 2019 [45]	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	9	✓
Gebremariam et al., 2015 [46]	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	9	✓
Asser et al., 2018 [47]	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	8	✓
Shemse et al., 2020 [19]	Y	Y	Y	U	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	7	✓
Diriba et al., 2014 [48]	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	9	✓
Bethelhem et al., 2018 [49]	N	Y	Y	U	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	6	✓

Y: yes; N: no; U: unclear; Q: question. The overall score is calculated by counting the number of Y’s in each row (scores of five and above were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis). Q1 = was the sample frame appropriate to address the target population? Q2 = were study participants sampled in an appropriate way? Q3 = was the sample size adequate? Q4 = were the study subjects and the setting described in detail? Q5 = was the data analysis conducted with sufficient coverage of the identified sample? Q6 = were valid methods used for the identification of the condition? Q7 = was the condition measured in a standard, reliable way for all participants? Q8 = was there appropriate statistical analysis? Q9 = was the response rate adequate, and if not, was the low response rate managed appropriately?