Bacterial Pathogens and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Inanimate Surfaces and Equipment in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Table 5

Pooled estimated antimicrobial resistance among clinically important Gram-positive bacterial species recovered from swab samples of surfaces and equipment in Ethiopia (2013-2020).

Antimicrobial agents	S. aureus		CoNS
	Pooled estimate (95% CI)	(%)	Pooled estimate (95% CI)	(%)
Ampicillin (AMP)	0.52 (0.49, 0.91)	97.64	0.62 (0.34, 0.90)	93.05
Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC)	0.23 (0.21, 0.40)	87.45	0.71 (0.53, 0.87)	98.85
Cotrimoxazole (SXT)	0.45 (0.32, 0.65)	94.02	0.11 (0.08, 0.23)	72.38
Ceftriaxone (CRO)	0.36 (0.11, 0.55)	87.34	0.39 (0.20, 0.55)	88.51
Ciprofloxacin (CIP)	0.34 (0.22, 0.46)	86.61	0.50 (0.33, 0.70)	95.21
Gentamicin (GEN)	0.11 (0.04, 0.18)	84.11	0.42 (0.24, 0.48)	90.05
Erythromycin (ERY)	0.49 (0.31, 0.68)	97.15	0.28 (0.17, 0.50)	89.16
Tetracycline (TE)	0.18 (0.13, 0.34)	84.89	0.13 (0.09, 0.37)	82.09
Chloramphenicol (C)	0.21 (0.12, 0.46)	80.32	0.32 (0.23, 0.52)	87.54

CoNS: Coagulase-negative Staphylococci.