Attenuation in Proinflammatory Factors and Reduction in Neuronal Cell Apoptosis and Cerebral Vasospasm by Minocycline during Early Phase after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the Rat

Figure 2

ELISA assay for TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the CSF of rats subjected to SAH. Minocycline (50 mg/kg) or fluorocitrate (50 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally three days before surgery, and the CSF were collected at 6 hr after SAH was induced. (a) TNF-α, (b) IL-1β, and (c) IL-6. and compared with the sham group. ^# and ^## compared with the SAH+minocycline group.

(a)

(b)

(c)