Attenuation in Proinflammatory Factors and Reduction in Neuronal Cell Apoptosis and Cerebral Vasospasm by Minocycline during Early Phase after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the Rat

Table 1

Behavioral assessment.

Treatment	Ambulation	Placing/stepping reflex	MDI
Sham	0	0	0
SAH
SAH+fluorocitrate
SAH+minocycline

Rats were anesthetized with a mixture of KetaVed and xylazine intraperitoneally (ip), and fresh blood (1 ml/kg) was drawn from the central tail artery and injected into the cistern magna on day 0 to induce SAH. All SAH animals were given a second injection of autologous blood on day 5. Treatments with minocycline (50 mg/kg, ip) or fluorocitrate (50 mg/kg, ip) were given on day 1, 2, and 3 before inducing SAH. Neurological outcome was assessed by ambulation and placing/stepping reflex responses on day 7. MDI (motor deficit index) which is the sum of ambulation (walking with lower extremities) and placing/stepping reflex (dragging the dorsum of hind paw over the edge of a surface) scores.