The Effect of Preoperative Biliary Drainage with or without Pancreatic Stenting on Complications after Pancreatoduodenectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Table 1
Complication criteria.
Grade definition
0: no complications
1: Oral medications or supportive care
2: IV medical therapy with resolution or antibiotics or specialized nutritional support
3: interventional radiology, endoscopic, or operative intervention
4: chronic deficit or disability associated with sequelae of this event
