Association between Sleep Duration, Physical Activity, and Mental Health Disorders: A Secondary Analysis of the National Survey of Children’s Health 2017-2018

Table 1

Weighted percentages and 95% CI for selected characteristics of children aged 6-17 years based on current mental health disorders, 2017-2018 NSCH.

Characteristics	Current anxiety			Current depression			Current behavior/conduct problems
	No	Yes		No	Yes		No	Yes
	% (95% CI)^a	% (95% CI)^a		% (95% CI)^a	% (95% CI)^a		% (95% CI)^a	% (95% CI)^a
	Age (years)
6-12	59.4 (58.2, 60.6)	48.4 (45.5, 51.3)	<0.001	59.6 (58.5, 60.7)	29.8 (25.6, 34.5)	<0.001	57.8 (56.7, 59.0)	66.0 (62.4, 69.5)	<0.001
13-17	40.6 (39.4, 41.8)	51.6 (48.7, 54.5)		40.4 (39.3, 41.5)	70.2 (65.5, 74.4)		42.2 (41.0, 43.3)	34.0 (30.5, 37.6)
Gender
Male	51.5 (50.3, 52.8)	47.7 (44.8, 50.6)	0.017	51.5 (50.3, 52.7)	44.0 (39.6, 48.4)	0.001	50.0 (48.8, 51.2)	66.1 (62.1, 69.8)	<0.001
Female	48.5 (47.2, 49.7)	52.3 (49.4, 55.2)		48.5 (47.3, 49.7)	56.0 (51.6, 60.4)		50.0 (48.8, 51.2)	33.9 (30.2, 37.9)
Race
Hispanic	26.3 (25.1, 27.7)	18.4 (15.6, 21.6)	<0.001	25.9 (24.7, 27.2)	18.7 (14.9, 23.2)	0.003	26.0 (24.8, 27.4)	20.7 (16.9, 25.1)	<0.001
Non-Hispanic white	48.9 (47.7, 50.1)	65.7 (62.6, 68.8)		50.0 (48.9, 51.2)	59.2 (54.5, 63.8)		50.3 (49.2, 51.5)	51.5 (47.6, 55.4)
Non-Hispanic black	14.4 (13.5, 15.3)	8.3 (6.7, 10.4)		13.9 (13.1, 14.8)	12.6 (9.6, 16.4)		13.3 (12.5, 14.2)	20.1 (16.8, 24.0)
Other/mixed race	10.4 (9.8, 11.0)	7.5 (6.3, 8.9)		10.1 (9.6, 10.7)	9.4 (7.1, 12.5)		10.3 (9.7, 10.9)	7.7 (6.3, 9.4)
Highest adult education
Less than high school	10.9 (9.8, 12.1)	6.9 (5.0, 9.3)	0.006	10.6 (9.6, 11.8)	7.8 (5.3, 11.3)	<0.001	10.5 (9.5, 11.7)	10.4 (7.1, 15.1)	<0.001
High school or GED	19.7 (18.6, 20.7)	19.2 (16.7, 21.9)		19.5 (18.5, 20.5)	23.5 (19.5, 27.9)		19.2 (18.2, 20.2)	25.2 (21.9, 28.8)
Some college or technical school	22.1 (21.2, 23.0)	24.1 (21.9, 26.6)		21.9 (21.0, 22.8)	30.4 (26.5, 34.6)		21.9 (21.0, 22.8)	27.2 (24.2, 30.4)
College degree or higher	47.4 (16.2, 48.6)	49.8 (46.9, 52.7)		48.0 (46.9, 49.1)	38.4 (34.3, 42.6)		48.5 (47.3, 49.6)	37.2 (33.8, 40.7)
Household poverty status
0-199%	41.5 (40.3, 42.8)	40.3 (37.4, 43.3)	0.805	41.0 (39.8, 42.3)	50.8 (46.4, 55.2)	<0.001	40.4 (39.1, 41.6)	54.5 (50.7, 58.2)	<0.001
200-299%	15.2 (14.4, 16.0)	16.1 (14.0, 18.5)		15.4 (14.6, 16.2)	12.9 (10.6, 15.7)		15.4 (14.6, 16.2)	14.5 (12.0, 17.3)
300-399%	11.9 (11.2, 12.6)	11.9 (10.3, 13.8)		12.0 (11.4, 12.7)	8.7 (6.7, 11.2)		12.1 (11.4, 12.8)	9.9 (8.2, 12.1)
≥400%	31.3 (30.4, 32.3)	31.6 (29.2, 34.0)		31.5 (30.6, 32.5)	27.6 (23.9, 31.5)		32.2 (31.2, 33.2)	21.1 (18.7, 23.6)
Health insurance status
Insured	92.8 (91.9, 93.5)	94.7 (92.6, 96.3)	0.082	92.8 (92.0, 93.6)	95.8 (93.4, 97.3)	0.020	92.8 (92.0, 93.6)	94.2 (92.2, 95.7)	0.188
Not insured	7.2 (6.5, 8.1)	5.3 (3.7, 7.4)		7.2 (6.4, 8.0)	4.2 (2.7, 6.6)		7.2 (6.4, 8.0)	5.8 (4.3, 7.8)
Sleep duration
Recommended	65.5 (64.3, 66.7)	57.7 (54.7, 60.6)	<0.001	65.4 (64.2, 66.5)	50.5 (46.0, 54.9)	<0.001	65.6 (64.4, 66.7)	55.2 (51.2, 59.1)	<0.001
<Recommended	34.5 (33.3, 35.7)	42.3 (39.4, 45.3)		34.6 (33.5, 35.8)	49.5 (45.1, 54.0)		34.4 (33.3, 35.6)	44.8 (40.9, 48.8)
Sleep duration (hours)
<6	1.0 (0.8, 1.3)	5.0 (3.7, 6.7)	<0.001	1.0 (0.8, 1.2)	10.0 (7.4, 13.5)	<0.001	1.1 (0.9, 1.3)	4.9 (3.5, 6.7)	<0.001
6	3.6 (3.1, 4.1)	6.5 (5.0, 8.5)		3.6 (3.1, 4.1)	10.4 (7.6, 14.2)		3.7 (3.2, 4.2)	5.8 (4.3, 7.8)
7	12.2 (11.4, 13.0)	16.2 (14.0, 18.6)		12.2 (11.5, 13.0)	20.7 (17.3, 24.6)		12.5 (11.8, 13.3)	12.8 (10.3, 15.8)
8	35.4 (34.3, 36.6)	32.3 (29.8, 35.0)		35.4 (34.2, 36.5)	30.2 (26.5, 34.1)		35.3 (34.2, 36.5)	33.0 (29.2, 37.1)
9	28.2 (27.1, 29.3)	22.2 (20.1, 24.5)		28.1 (27.0, 29.1)	17.4 (14.6, 20.5)		27.9 (26.9, 29.0)	24.0 (21.3, 27.0)
10	16.6 (15.7, 17.4)	14.5 (12.5, 16.7)		16.8 (16.0, 17.6)	7.0 (5.1, 9.4)		16.4 (15.6, 17.3)	15.5 (13.3, 18.0)
>10	3.1 (2.7, 3.5)	3.2 (2.2, 4.6)		3.0 (2.7, 3.4)	4.4 (2.4, 7.9)		3.0 (2.7, 3.4)	4.0 (2.7, 5.7)
Physical activity
Recommended	23.2 (22.2, 24.2)	16.2 (14.2, 18.3)	<0.001	23.0 (22.0, 24.0)	12.7 (9.8, 16.2)	<0.001	22.4 (21.4, 23.4)	24.9 (22.0, 28.2)	<0.001
<Recommended	76.8 (75.8, 77.8)	83.8 (81.7, 85.8)		77.0 (76.0, 78.0)	87.3 (83.8, 90.2)		77.6 (76.6, 78.6)	75.1 (71.8, 78.0)
Physically active days out of 7 days^b
0 day	8.5 (7.9, 9.2)	18.3 (16.0, 20.9)	<0.001	8.8 (8.1, 9.5)	24.6 (21.0, 28.4)	<0.001	8.8 (8.2, 9.5)	16.3 (13.2, 20.0)	0.112
1-3 days	39.7 (38.5, 40.9)	42.6 (39.8, 45.5)		39.8 (38.6, 40.9)	45.4 (40.9, 49.9)		40.2 (39.0, 41.4)	37.6 (34.0, 41.3)
4-6 days	28.6 (27.6, 29.6)	23.0 (20.6, 25.4)		28.5 (27.5, 29.5)	17.4 (14.3, 21.1)		28.6 (27.6, 29.6)	21.2 (18.2, 24.6)
Everyday	23.2 (22.2, 24.2)	16.2 (14.2, 18.3)		23.0 (22.0, 24.0)	12.7 (9.8, 16.2)		22.4 (21.4, 23.4)	24.9 (22.0, 28.2)

^aWeighted estimates of percentages and 95% CI.