Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for Treating Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

<div>Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of pain intensity at month 1 (a) and month 3 (b) for extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) versus comparators for chronic low back pain. Pooled SMD calculated by random-effects model.</div>

BioMed Research International

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Figure 3: Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for Treating Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials 