Research Article
Dysfunctional Parenting Styles Are Associated with Mental Disorders and Low Self-Efficacy Beliefs in Brazilian Undergraduate Medical Students
Table 1
Characteristics of the undergraduate medical students (
).
| Variables | | % |
| Sex | | | Male | 174 | 55.2 | Female | 141 | 44.8 | Skin color | | | White | 159 | 50.5 | Non-White | 156 | 49.5 | Living arrangement | | | Lives with others | 243 | 77.1 | Lives alone | 72 | 22.9 | Marital status | | | Without partner | 291 | 92.4 | With partner | 22 | 7.0 | Employment status | | | Not working | 262 | 83.2 | Working | 53 | 16.8 | Admission to the medical course | | | Open competition | 174 | 55.2 | Quota system | 138 | 43.8 | Undergraduate school year | | | Basic (years 1-2) | 129 | 41.0 | Clinical (years 3-6) | 185 | 58.7 | Smoking | | | Smoker | 27 | 8.6 | Nonsmoker | 288 | 91.4 | Alcohol consumption | | | No | 65 | 20.6 | Yes | 250 | 79.4 | Illicit drug consumption | | | No | 230 | 73.0 | Yes | 85 | 27.0 | Physical activity | | | No | 120 | 38.1 | Yes | 195 | 61.9 | Chronic disease | | | No | 265 | 84.1 | Yes | 49 | 15.6 | Physical assault | | | No | 282 | 89.5 | Yes | 33 | 10.5 | Sexual abuse | | | No | 278 | 88.3 | Yes | 36 | 11.4 | Anxiety | | | No | 194 | 61.6 | Yes | 121 | 38.4 | Depression | | | No | 165 | 52.4 | Yes | 149 | 47.3 | Suicide ideation | | | <7 no | 201 | 63.8 | ≥7 yes | 114 | 36.2 | Low self-efficacy | | | Yes | 139 | 44.1 | No | 176 | 55.9 | Maternal bonding style | | | Optimal parenting | 116 | 36.8 | Affectionate constraint | 98 | 31.1 | Neglectful parent | 29 | 9.2 | Affectionless control | 71 | 22.5 | Paternal bonding style | | | Optimal parenting | 113 | 35.9 | Affectionate constraint | 65 | 20.6 | Neglectful parent | 68 | 21.6 | Affectionless control | 65 | 20.6 | Quantitative variables | | Mean (SD) | Age (years) | 18.0–41.0 | | Body mass index (kg/m2) | 16.3–57.0 | |
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The frequency of the students in the different categories differs due to missing values. |