Effect of Serum Albumin Changes on Mortality in Patients with Peritoneal Dialysis: A Joint Modeling Approach and Personalized Dynamic Risk Predictions
Table 2
Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models.
Parameters
Univariate model
Multivariate model
HR (95% CI)
value
HR (95% CI)
value
Serum albumin (g/dL)†
0.35 (0.21, 0.59)
<0.001
0.59 (0.31, 1.13)
0.116
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)†
0.98 (0.96, 1.01)
0.068
0.99 (0.98, 1.02)
0.978
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)†
0.77 (0.71, 0.85)
<0.001
0.82 (0.73, 0.92)
<0.001
Serum calcium (mg/dL)†
0.93 (0.67, 1.30)
0.665
—
—
Parathyroid hormone, log-scaled (pg/mL)†
0.88 (0.72, 1.09)
0.253
—
—
WBC (×1000/mm3)†
1.17 (1.06, 1.30)
0.003
1.05 (0.93, 1.18)
0.444
Glomerular filtration rate, log-scaled (GFR)
0.94 (0.86, 1.03)
0.159
—
—
Transferred from HD (yes)
1.84 (1.10, 3.10)
0.021
3.07 (1.71, 5.50)
<0.001
No. of diseases††
1.79 (1.43, 2.23)
<0.001
1.34 (1.03, 1.17)
0.031
Age at PD initiation
1.04 (1.02, 1.06)
<0.001
1.02 (0.99, 1.04)
0.125
BMI at PD initiation (kg/m2)
1.09 (1.04, 1.15)
<0.001
1.09 (1.02, 1.16)
0.009
Peritonitis rate
2.26 (1.65, 3.09)
<0.001
1.83 (1.30, 2.59)
<0.001
Transport characteristic (high)
1.56 (1.01, 2.40)
0.045
0.95 (0.59, 1.54)
0.841
†Averaged values over follow-up period were used. ††A total number of comorbid and renal diseases observed in a patient. Variables with values < 0.10 in the univariate model were included in the multivariate model.
