Incidence, Patient-Related Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Postoperative Pneumonia after Cholecystectomy: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Table 3

Predictors of pneumonia after cholecystectomy by multivariate analysis.

Parameter	Odds ratio	95% CI	value
COPD	4.147	(3.845-4.474)	<0.0001
CHF	1.965	(1.587-2.438)	<0.0001
CVA	1.685	(1.552-1.830)	<0.0001
DM	1.661	(1.555-1.774)	<0.0001
OC (ref. group LC)	1.596	(1.512-1.676)	<0.0001
Hemodialysis	1.475	(1.263-1.722)	<0.0001
CAD	1.354	(1.251-1.467)	<0.0001
Liver cirrhosis	1.167	(1.017-1.337)	0.0002

Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the odds ratio individually adjusted by age and sex for the risk factors. CI: confidence interval; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CHF: congestive heart failure; CVA: cerebrovascular disease; DM: diabetes mellitus; OC: open cholecystectomy; LC: laparoscopic cholecystectomy; ref.: reference; CAD: coronary artery disease.