Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Patients with Polymicrobial Klebsiella pneumoniae Bloodstream Infections
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with monomicrobial and polymicrobial Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection.
Characteristics
Total ()
Monomicrobial ()
Polymicrobial ()
value
Age (years), mean (±SD)
0.006
years
323 (39.5%)
290 (41.2%)
33 (28.9%)
0.013
Male sex, (%)
584 (71.4%)
508 (72.2%)
76 (66.7%)
0.229
Comorbidity, (%)
Diabetes mellitus
143 (17.5%)
122 (17.3%)
21 (18.4%)
0.776
Solid tumor
174 (21.3%)
160 (22.7%)
14 (12.3%)
0.011
Hematological malignancy
35 (4.3%)
32 (4.5%)
3 (2.6%)
0.459
COPD
30 (3.7%)
26 (3.7%)
4 (3.5%)
1.000
Chronic heart failure
48 (5.9%)
41 (5.8%)
7 (6.1%)
0.894
Chronic renal failure
15 (1.8%)
14 (2.0%)
1 (0.9%)
0.708
Chronic liver disease
32 (3.9%)
28 (4.0%)
4 (3.5%)
1.000
Cerebrovascular disease
145 (17.7%)
128 (18.2%)
17 (14.9%)
0.396
Trauma
120 (14.7%)
97 (13.8%)
23 (20.2%)
0.073
CCI, median (IQR)
3 (1, 4)
3 (2, 4)
2 (1, 2)
0.011
Immunosuppression, (%)
109 (13.3%)
95 (13.5%)
14 (12.3%)
0.724
Prior hospital days, median (IQR)
13 (6, 26)
13 (5, 26)
14 (9, 25)
0.112
Prior healthcare interventions, (%)
Mechanical ventilation
495 (60.5%)
410 (58.2%)
85 (74.6%)
0.001
Indwelling urinary catheter
594 (72.6%)
494 (70.2%)
100 (87.7%)
<0.001
Central venous catheter
593 (72.5%)
492 (69.9%)
101 (88.6%)
<0.001
CRRT
92 (11.2%)
75 (10.7%)
17 (14.9%)
0.182
Surgery
448 (54.8%)
376 (53.4%)
72 (63.2%)
0.052
Parenteral nutrition
227 (22.7%)
180 (25.6%)
47 (41.2%)
0.001
Blood transfusion
123 (15.0%)
100 (14.2%)
23 (20.2%)
0.098
Prior antimicrobial therapy, (%)
703 (85.9%)
599 (79.4%)
104 (91.2%)
0.003
Hospitalization ward at BSI onset, (%)
<0.001
General
303 (37.0%)
286 (40.6%)
17 (14.9%)
Burn
53 (6.5%)
30 (4.3%)
23 (20.2%)
ICU
462 (56.5%)
388 (55.1%)
74 (64.9%)
Primary site of infection, (%)
Lower respiratory tract
174 (21.3%)
149 (21.2%)
25 (22.0%)
0.853
Urinary tract
50 (6.1%)
47 (6.7%)
3 (2.6%)
0.094
Central line associated
133 (16.3%)
108 (15.3%)
25 (22.0%)
0.077
Intra-abdomen
62 (7.6%)
55 (7.8%)
7 (6.1%)
0.531
Biliary tract
71 (8.7%)
64 (9.1%)
7 (6.1%)
0.299
Liver abscess
38 (4.6%)
37 (5.3%)
1 (0.9%)
0.069
Skin and soft tissue
51 (6.2%)
31 (4.4%)
20 (17.5%)
<0.001
Others
74 (9.0%)
67 (9.5%)
7 (6.1%)
0.244
Unknown
165 (20.2%)
146 (20.7%)
19 (16.7%)
0.315
Healthcare-associated infection, (%)
723 (88.4%)
615 (87.4%)
108 (94.7%)
0.023
SD: standard deviation; IQR: interquartile range; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CCI: Charlson comorbidity index; CRRT: continuous renal replacement therapy; BSI: bloodstream infection; ICU: intensive care unit. During the 30 days before BSI onset. Central nervous system infection, bone and joint infection, mediastinal infection, endocarditis, etc.
