[Retracted] Handgrip Strength-Related Factors Affecting Health Outcomes in Young Adults: Association with Cardiorespiratory Fitness

Table 2

Univariate correlations between subject characteristics and HS_BMI and HS_BSA.

Characteristics	Male ()		Female ()
	HSBMI	HSBSA	HSBMI	HSBSA
	( value)	( value)	( value)	( value)
Age (years)	-0.021 (0.869)	-0.004 (0.974)	0.001 (0.998)	-0.003 (0.978)
Anthropometry
Lean tissue percentage (%)	0.568 (≤0.001)	0.459 (≤0.001)	0.286 (0.010)	0.194 (0.083)
Fat percentage (%)	-0.576 (≤0.001)	-0.441 (0.002)	-0.286 (0.010)	-0.171 (0.127)
Protein percentage (%)	0.57 (≤0.001)	0.467 (≤0.001)	0.285 (0.010)	0.190 (0.089)
Total water percentage (%)	0.577 (≤0.001)	0.468 (≤0.001)	0.287 (0.009)	0.204 (0.068)
Inorganic salt percentage (%)	0.494 (≤0.001)	0.383 (0.008)	0.241 (0.030)	0.138 (0.220)
Cardiorespiratory fitness
AT (ml/kg·min)	0.158 (0.219)	0.188 (0.143)	0.062 (0.579)	0.123 (0.269)
VO2max (ml/kg·min)	0.454 (≤0.001)	0.463 (≤0.001)	0.242 (0.028)	0.267 (0.015)
HRrest (rpm)	-0.282 (0.026)	-0.332 (0.008)	-0.055 (0.619)	-0.024 (0.826)
HRAT (rpm)	-0.232 (0.070)	-0.250 (0.050)	0.021 (0.850)	0.050 (0.657)
HRmax (rpm)	0.092 (0.478)	0.092 (0.475)	0.188 (0.089)	0.208 (0.059)
RERmax	0.181 (0.160)	0.139 (0.280)	0.125 (0.259)	0.081 (0.465)
VEmax (ml/min)	0.381 (0.002)	0.344 (0.006)	0.236 (0.032)	0.254 (0.020)
Loadmax (W)	0.342 (0.007)	0.340 (0.007)	0.201 (0.069)	0.191 (0.083)
Psysmax (mmHg)	-0.068 (0.602)	-0.015 (0.908)	-0.254 (0.020)	-0.182 (0.100)
Pdiamax (mmHg)	0.049 (0.703)	-0.005 (0.969)	0.100 (0.369)	0.131 (0.237)
METmax	0.452 (≤0.001)	0.462 (≤0.001)	0.242 (0.027)	0.265 (0.016)
ΔVO2/ΔLoad	-0.147 (0.256)	-0.107 (0.406)	-0.049 (0.657)	-0.008 (0.943)
VE/VCO2	0.243 (0.057)	0.147 (0.254)	0.175 (0.114)	0.205 (0.063)
OUES	0.005 (0.970)	0.081 (0.531)	0.079 (0.479)	-0.033 (0.769)
Life habit
Smoking	0.081 (0.532)	-0.006 (0.966)	0.061 (0.584)	0.120 (0.281)
Exercise habits	-0.105 (0.418)	-0.101 (0.435)	0.125 (0.260)	0.166 (0.134)

SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; BSA: body surface area; HS_left: handgrip strength of the left hand; HS_right: handgrip strength of the right hand; HS_max: maximum handgrip strength of the two hands; HS_average: average handgrip strength of both hands; HS_BMI: HS_average adjusted for BMI; HS_BSA: HS_average adjusted for BSA; AT: anaerobic threshold; VO_2max: max oxygen uptake; HR_rest: resting heart rate; HR_AT: heart rate at anaerobic threshold; HR_max: max heart rate; Load_max: max work load; RER_max: respiratory exchange ratio at max work load; VE_max: minute ventilation at max work load; Psys_max: systolic pressure at max work load; Pdia_max: diastolic pressure at max work load; MET_max: metabolic equivalent at max work load; ΔVO₂/ΔLoad: oxygen required at each load; VE/VCO₂: the minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production slope; OUES: oxygen uptake efficiency slope. for categorical variables: Spearman’s correlation coefficient; for continuous variables: Pearson’s correlation coefficient.