Neuroprotective Effect of Turmeric Extract in Combination with Its Essential Oil and Enhanced Brain Bioavailability in an Animal Model
Table 2
Pharmacokinetic parameters of curcumin, curcuminoids, and metabolites and its concentration in brain tissue.
Parameters
Group
Curcumin
Curcuminoids (curcumin+DMC+BDMC)
Conjugate metabolites (CG+CS)
Hydrogenated metabolites (HHC+THC)
TE+EO-25
b
bcd
cd
d
TE+EO-50
acd
acd
cd
d
TE-25
b
3ab
ab
d
TE-50
b
ab
ab
abc
TE+EO-25
bcd
bcd
TE+EO-50
a
a
TE-25
a
a
TE-50
a
a
TE+EO-25
bcd
bcd
bcd
bcd
TE+EO-50
acd
acd
acd
acd
TE-25
ab
ab
ab
ab
TE-50
ab
ab
ab
ab
AUC 0-
TE+EO-25
bcd
bcd
bcd
bcd
TE+EO-50
acd
acd
acd
acd
TE-25
ab
ab
ab
ab
TE-50
ab
3ab
ab
ab
AUC 0-inf
TE+EO-25
b
b
bcd
bcd
TE+EO-50
991.90 ± 187.40acd
1024.00 ± 177.14acd
1581.53 ± 51.15acd
118.24 ± 5.84acd
TE-25
b
b
ab
ab
TE-50
b
b
ab
6ab
MRT
TE+EO-25
b
b
cd
d
TE+EO-50
acd
acd
d
TE-25
b
b
a
TE-50
b
b
a
ab
Concentration in the brain
TE+EO-25
bcd
bcd
d
c
TE+EO-50
acd
acd
cd
TE-25
ab
ab
ab
TE-50
ab
ab
a
b
: terminal phase half-life; : time to maximum plasma concentration; : maximum concentration; AUC (0-6 h): area under the curve up to 6 h; AUC (0-∞): AUC up to infinite time; MRT: mean residence time. a when compared to TE+EO-25. b when compared to TE+EO-50. c when compared to TE-25. d when compared to TE-50.