Is Bridge Plating of Comminuted Humeral Shaft Fractures Advantageous When Using Compression Plates with Three versus Two Screws per Fragment? A Biomechanical Cadaveric Study

Table 1

Parameters of interest in both groups in terms of mean and standard deviation together with corresponding values from the statistical analysis.

Parameter of interest	Group		value
	1	2
Morphological data
BMD (mg HA/cm^3)	193.3 (49.0)	205.3 (33.0)	0.64
Cortical average (mm)	4.35 (1.66)	4.98 (1.15)	0.34
Stiffness (plated)
Lateral bending (Nm/°)	2.8 (1.4)	3.1 (1.2)	0.68
Anterior bending (Nm/°)	1.4 (0.2)	1.5 (0.2)	0.20
Axial bending (N/mm)	387.5 (143.3)	394.4 (134.3)	0.93
Torsion (Nm/°)	0.7 (0.2)	0.8 (0.1)	0.22
Normalized stiffness (%)
Lateral bending	85.1 (59.5)	61.5 (18.1)	0.42
Anterior bending	35.8 (9.3)	31.6 (13.2)	0.52
Axial bending	23.1 (7.7)	21.2 (6.3)	0.60
Torsion	23.8 (4.4)	23.0 (1.7)	0.72
Torsional deformation (°)
500 cycles	0.40 (0.58)	0.15 (0.08)	0.36
1000 cycles	1.51 (1.97)	0.63 (0.47)	0.31
1500 cycles	2.77 (3.27)	1.31 (1.00)	0.30
2000 cycles	4.55 (5.41)	2.04 (1.48)	0.29
2500 cycles	6.35 (7.22)	2.89 (1.99)	0.27
3000 cycles	8.13 (8.70)	3.74 (2.45)	0.24
3500 cycles	10.83 (11.53)	4.69 (2.94)	0.22
Cycles and peak torque at torsional deformation
5°	3151 (1894); 7.3 (4.8) nm	4240 (1730); 9.5 (4.5) nm	0.24
10°	4122 (1933); 9.2 (4.9) nm	6080 (1862); 13.2 (4.7) nm	0.03
15°	4857 (1824); 10.7 (4.6) nm	6887 (1347); 14.8 (3.7) nm	0.01
20°	5328 (1617); 11.7 (4.2) nm	7393 (945); 15.8 (1.9) nm	0.01
Cycles and peak torque at failure	5650 (1159); 12.3 (2.32) Nm	7532 (786); 16.06 (1.57) Nm	0.01