|
| Year | First author and country | Patient no. | Grade | GTR (%) | Study endpoints | Results |
|
| 2019 | Bø et al. (Norway) [51] | 74 | LGG 74 | 30 | To assess radiological and clinical results in consecutive patients with LGG treated with 3DUS-guided resection under general anesthesia | 3DUS-guided LGG resections under general anesthesia are safe and they preserve HRQoL in most patients. Effectiveness in terms of EOR appears to be consistent with published studies using other advanced neurosurgical tools. Avoiding intraoperative vascular injury is a key factor for achieving good functional outcome |
| 2018 | Policicchio et al. (Italy) [52] | 162 | HGG 62
LGG 9
Others 91 | 54 | To assess 3DUS visibility of different pathologies and IOUS applications during the course of surgery | IOUS was highly sensitive in detecting all types of pathology, was safe and precise in planning trajectories to intraparenchymal lesions (including minimally mini-invasive approaches), and was accurate in determining EOR in more than 80% of the cases. IOUS is a safe, versatile, and feasible tool that may be considered for routine intracranial surgery |
| 2017 | Šteňo et al. (Slovakia) [53] | 28 | LGG 28 | 86.79 | To assess the effectiveness of 3DUS during awake resections of eloquent LGGs by comparing surgical results of two series of patients operated on using conventional neuronavigation and 3DUS | The extent of awake resections of eloquent LGG was greater with 3DUS guidance than with standard neuronavigation guidance; the use of 3DUS had no impact on the number of new permanent deficits |
| 2017 | Moiyadi and Shetty (India) [54] | 22 | HGG 17 LGG 5 | 78 | To emphasize the convenience and feasibility of using navigable 3DUS with awake surgery for gliomas | Combining awake surgery with 3DUS is feasible and beneficial. It does not entail any additional surgical workflow modification or patient discomfort. This combined modality can be beneficial for eloquent region tumors |
| 2016 | Moiyadi and Shetty (India) [55] | 111 | HGG 75
LGG 12
Others 24 | 53 | To evaluate the effectiveness of navigable 3DUS as a novel intraoperative imaging adjunct permitting quick real-time updates to facilitate tumor resection | The results of this study demonstrated that 3DUS can be effectively used as a stand-alone navigation modality during the resection of brain tumors. The ability to provide repeated, high-quality intraoperative updates is useful for guiding resection. Attention to image acquisition technique and experience can significantly increase the image quality, thereby improving the overall utility of this modality |
| 2016 | Arlt et al. (Germany) [9] | 50 | HGG 23
LGG 6
Others 21 | 62 | To examine CEUS and 3DUS reconstructed ultrasound (3D-CEUS) during brain tumor surgery in terms of contrast agent uptake pre- and posttumor resection and imaging quality and compare them with postoperative MR imaging across different tumor entities | 3D-CEUS is a reliable intraoperative imaging modality and could improve imaging quality. 90% of the high-grade gliomas showed high contrast uptake with improved imaging quality in more than 50%. GTR and incomplete resection of GBM were adequately highlighted by 3D-CEUS intraoperatively. CEUS can be a helpful imaging modality, especially for resection control in glioma surgery |
| 2013 | Moiyadi et al. (India) [56] | 90 | HGG 51
LGG 17
Others 22 | 67 | To assess the practical utility of a navigable 3DUS system and its impact on intraoperative decisions during cerebral glioma surgery and analyze the EOR achieved in malignant gliomas | Navigable 3DUS is a versatile, useful, and reliable intraoperative imaging tool in resection of brain tumors, especially in resource-constrained settings where IOMR is not available. It has multiple functionalities that can be tailored to suit the procedure and the experience of the surgeon |
| 2012 | Sæther et al. (Norway) [44] | 192 | GBM 192 | 45 vs. 43
(with and without) | To examine if the introduction of 3DUS and neuronavigation may have had an impact on overall survival | Survival improved within the same period that IOUS and neuronavigation was introduced |
| 2011 | Rohde and Coenen (Germany) [57] | 16 | HGG 6
LGG 2
Others 8 | / | To test if 3DUS likewise can be used for resection control | The number of investigated patients was too low to allow definite conclusions. However, the study results suggested that 3DUS is especially helpful for detecting overlooked brain tumor tissue |
| 2008 | Rygh et al. (Norway) [50] | 19 | HGG 19 | 76.9 | To compare the ability of navigable 3DUS to distinguish tumor and normal brain tissue at the tumor border zone in subsequent phases of resection | The research showed that while ultrasound is highly accurate in delineating GBM before resection, it appears less accurate during and after resection. During resection, there seems to be some overestimation of the tumor, while small tumor remnants and infiltrated tissue in the cavity wall is underestimated after resection |
| 2006 | Lindner et al. (Germany) [58] | 23 | HGG 9
Others 14 | 77 | To prove the concept of 3DUS in terms of technical effects and human impact. This includes measurement of fusion accuracy, extent of tumor resection, and the suitability for the detection and capture of intraoperative brain shift, as well as a protocol for operative handling as described by different neurosurgeons | The introduction of 3DUS substantially increased the value of neuronavigation, making several updates during surgery possible and minimizing problems related to brain shift |
| 2005 | Unsgaard et al. (Norway) [59] | 28 | HGG 15
LGG 7
Others 6 | 76.6 | To compare interpretations of imaged biopsy sites with histopathology. The system also enabled concomitant comparison of navigated preoperative MR with histopathology | Reformatted images from 3DUS provides good delineation of metastases and solid glioma portions before starting the resection. Navigable 3DUS is at least as reliable as navigable 3D MR for delineating gliomas and metastases |
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