Meta-Analytic Review of High Anxiety Comorbidity among Patients with Vitiligo
Table 1
Characteristics of included studies.
Study
Study design
Country
Participants
Gender (male %)
Age (mean)
Anxiety measurement tools (cut-off)
Anxiety in patients with vitiligo (%)
Quality assessment by NOS (score)
Sharma et al. (2001)
Cross-sectional
India
30 vitiligo and 30 psoriasis
17 (56.7%) vs. 18 (60.0%)
N/A
DSM-IV
3.3
6
Ahmed et al. (2007)
Cross-sectional
Pakistan
100 vitiligo
38 (38.0%)
24.6
PAS
10.0
5
Schmid-Ott et al. (2007)
Cross-sectional
Germany
363 vitiligo
79 (21.8%)
43.5
ACS-SAA
N/A
6
Saleh et al. (2008)
Cross-sectional
Egypt
50 vitiligo and 50 psoriasis
25 (50.0%) vs. 25 (50.0%)
28.5 vs. 38.2
TMAS
14.0
6
Arýcan et al. (2008)
Cross-sectional
Turkey
113 vitiligo
53 (46.9%)
M: 29.2, F: 33.4
Psychiatrists
15.9
7
AlGhamdi (2010)
Cross-sectional
Saudi Arabia
164 vitiligo
91 (55.5%)
27
IPQ
57.0
6
Ajose et al. (2014)
Cross-sectional
Nigeria
102 vitiligo and 87 albinos
51 (50.0%) vs. 53 (60.9%)
35.94 vs. 30.05
HADS-A (>10)
18.6
9
AlShahwan (2015)
Cross-sectional
Saudi Arabia
64 vitiligo and 811a
N/A
N/A
HADS-A (>10)
26.6
6
Morales-Sanchez et al. (2017)
Cross-sectional
Mexico
150 vitiligo
47 (31.3%)
N/A
BAI (>15)
60.0
8
Raikhy et al. (2017)
Cross-sectional
India
53 vitiligo and 947a
N/A
N/A
ICD-10
11.3
7
Sorour et al. (2017)
Cross-sectional
Egypt
108 vitiligo and 934a
48 (44.4%) vs. N/A
N/A
DSM-V
31.5
9
Sawant et al. (2019)
Cross-sectional
India
100 vitiligo
56 (56.0%)
M: 35.8, F: 36.9
ASC-SAA
N/A
8
Dabas et al. (2020)
Cross-sectional
India
95 vitiligo and 86 melasma
34 (35.8%) vs. N/A
N/A
GAD-7 (>8)
21.1
9
Chen et al. (2020)
Cohort
China
1432 vitiligo and 5728b
559 (39.0%) vs. 2239 (39.1%)
47.08 vs. 46.09
ICD-9-CM
12.2
8
Balaban et al. (2011)
Case control
Turkey
42 vitiligo and 33 HCs
19 (45.2%) vs. 14 (42%)
39.70 vs. 35.12
DSM-IV, LSAS
4.8
8
Zang and Ji (2012)
Case control
China
80 vitiligo and 40 HCs
33 (41.3%) vs. 16 (40.4%)
29.1 vs. 29
SAS (>50)
47.5
8
Karelson et al. (2013)
Case control
Estonia
54 vitiligo and 57 HCs
22 (40.7%) vs. 23 (40.4%)
36.6 vs. 39.7
ES-Q (>12)
22.0
7
Wei et al. (2013)
Case control
China
55 vitiligo and 118 HCs
29 (52.7%) vs. 60 (50.8%)
40.98 vs. 40.56
HAMA (>14)
10.9
5
Mufaddel and Abdelgani (2014)
Case control
Sudan
24 vitiligo and 105 HCs
N/A
N/A
HADS-A (>8)
62.5
7
Karia et al. (2015)
Case control
India
50 vitiligo and 50 HCs
22 (44.0%) vs. N/A
33.6 vs. N/A
DSM-IV
8.0
7
Ucuz et al. (2020)
Case control
Turkey
30 vitiligo and 30 HCs
18 (60%) vs. 18 (60%)
12.3 vs. 13.3
K-SADS-PL
10.0
6
Abbreviations: N/A: not applicable; HCs: healthy controls; M: males; F: females; NOS: Newcastle–Ottawa Scale; AHRQ-11: 11 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; DSM-IV: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition; PAS: Psychiatric Assessment Schedule; ACS-SAA: Adjustment to Chronic Skin Diseases Questionnaire-Social Anxiety/Avoidance; TMAS: Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale; IPQ: Illness Perception Questionnaire; LSAS: Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale; SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; ES-Q: Emotional State Questionnaire; HAMA: Hamilton Anxiety Scale; HADS-A: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety; BAI: Beck’s Anxiety Inventory; ICD-10: International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition; DSM-V: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition; ICD-9-CM: International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification; GAD-7: General Anxiety Disorder-7; K-SADS-PL: Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version. aNonvitiligo patients with skin diagnosis; bpatients without vitiligo.
