Efficacy and Safety of Combined Endovascular Embolization and Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Patients with Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of included studies and patients.

Study	Study design	Country	Sample size (intervention/control)	Male (%)	Mean age (yrs)	Hemorrhages (%)	Nidus size (cm)	Nidus vol (ml)	Margin dose (Gy)	Intervention	Follow-up (months)	NOS score
Mizoi et al. 1998 [34]	Retro	Japan	32 (31/1)	NA	NA	NA	NA	10.9	19.2	Linear accelerator radiosurgery	45.7	6
Schilienger et al. 2000 [35]	Retro	France	169 (65/104)	62	33	NA	2.2	2.5	25.0	Linear accelerator radiosurgery	48-96	7
Andrade-Souza et al. 2007 [36]	Retro	Canada	94 (47/47)	NA	39	45.8	2.4	5.6	15.0	Linear accelerator radiosurgery	44	8
Back et al. 2008 [37]	Retro	USA	69 (15/54)	45	40	NA	NA	5.1	NA	Gamma knife surgery	36	6
Izawa et al. 2009 [38]	Retro	Japan	252 (15/237)	62	30	54.4	NA	5.0	20.0	Gamma knife surgery	81.5	6
Yang et al. 2009 [39]	Retro	Korea	46 (25/21)	59	32	37.0	NA	29.5	14.1	Linear accelerator and gamma knife	63.6	6
Darsaut et al. 2011 [40]	Pro	USA	42 (17/25)	NA	12	NA	NA	27.4	21.2	Charged particle radiation, linear accelerator, CyberKnife, or gamma knife	36	7
Murray 2011 [41]	Retro	USA	78 (57/21)	48	34	39.7	NA	17.7	18.1	Linear accelerator radiosurgery	34.8	6
Kano et al. 2012 [42]	Retro	China	240 (120/120)	50	33	NA	2.8	7.1	18.0	Gamma knife surgery	70.8	8
Schwyzer et al. 2012 [43]	Retro	USA	944 (215/729)	50	34	51.9	2.2	3.2	20.1	Gamma knife surgery	66.6	7
Nataraj et al. 2014 [44]	Pro	UK	54 (17/37)	54	41	NA	NA	NA	NA	Charged particle radiation, linear accelerator, CyberKnife, or gamma knife	24.0	6
Lee et al. 2015 [45]	Retro	China	75 (25/50)	40	41	NA	NA	3.2	20.7	Gamma knife surgery	25.2	7
Oermann et al. 2015 [46]	Retro	USA	484 (242/242)	42	31	50.5	2.6	4.3	20.0	Gamma knife surgery	54.6	8
Marciscano et al. 2017 [47]	Retro	USA	42 (22/20)	33	25	36.0	NA	13.1	15.4	Linear accelerator, CyberKnife, or gamma knife	114.0	6
Thenier-Villa et al. 2017 [48]	Retro	Spain	195 (47/148)	56	38	44.6	NA	NA	16.8	Linear accelerator radiosurgery	180.0	8
Starke et al. 2017 [49]	Retro	US and Canada	357 (78/279)	54	13	68.6	2.3	3.5	21.0	Gamma knife surgery	92.0	8
Nerva et al. 2018 [50]	Retro	USA	70 (20/50)	60	36	40.0	1.6	13.0	19.0	Gamma knife surgery	49.2	8
Link et al. 2018 [51]	Retro	USA	22 (13/9)	52	44	0.0	2.7	NA	NA	Charged particle radiation, linear accelerator, CyberKnife, or gamma knife	33.0	7
Hasegawa et al. 2019 [52]	Retro	Japan	189 (27/162)	59	11	83.0	1.6	2.2	20.0	Gamma knife surgery	136.0	7