Role of Glycation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Prevention through Nymphaea Species

Table 1

Photochemical composition from eight representative members of Nymphaea.

S. no.	Nymphaea spp.	Natural product	Reference
1	N. alba	Cyanidin 3-(6-acetylgalactoside); delphinidin 3-(2-galloyl-6-acetylgalactoside); delphinidin 3-(6-acetylgalactoside); cyanidin 3-(2-galloyl-6- acetylgalactoside); delphinidin 3-(2-galloylgalactoside; delphinidin 3-galactoside; cyanidin 3-galactoside	Torgil et al., 2001 [41]
2	N. ampla	7,34-Trihydroxy-5-O-β-D-(2-acetyl)-xylopyranosylisoflavone; 7,3,4-trihydroxy-5-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosylisoflavone; quercetin 3-rhamnoside; quercetin 3-xylopyranoside; quercetin 3-glucopyranoside; methyl gallate	Marquina et al., 2009 [45]
3	N. elegans	Quercetin 3-rhamnoside; β-sitosterol; β-sitosteryl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	Marquina et al., 2009 [45]
4	N. gracilis	Methyl 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloleanolate, 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloleanolate; 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-oleanolate; β-sitosterol; β-sitosteryl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	Marquina et al., 2005 [43]
5	N. lotus	Myricitrin; 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl-D-glucose; nympholide A; nympholide B; myricetin-3-O-(6-p-coumaroyl)glucoside	Elegami et al., 2003 [36], Mukherjee et al., 2009 [12]
6	N. pulchella	7,34-Trihydroxy-5-O-β-D-(2-acetyl)-xylopyranosylisoflavone; 7,3,4-trihydroxy-5-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosylisoflavone; kaempferol 3 rhamnopyranoside; β-sitosterol; β-sitosteryl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	Marquina et al., 2005 [43]
7	N.marliacea	Myricetin 3-O-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1⟶6)β-D-galactopyranoside); delphinidin 3-(2-galloyl-6-acetylgalactoside); delphinidin 3-(6-acetylgalactoside); delphinidin 3-galactoside	Fossen et al., 1997 [34]
8	N.marliacea var. Escarboucle	Delphinidin 3-(2-galloyl-6-acetylgalactoside); delphinidin 3-(6-acetylgalactoside); cyanidin 3-(2-galloyl-6-acetylgalactoside); delphinidin 3-(2-galloylgalactoside); delphinidin 3-galactoside	Fossen et al., 1997 [34]