Targeting Inflammatory Cytokines to Improve Type 2 Diabetes Control

Figure 1

Chronic low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes in the pancreas, adipose tissue, liver, and kidney. Inflammatory responses include recruitment and activation of antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages, different T cell subsets, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and other mediators, and consequent impairment of beta-cell function, liver dysfunction, and renal damage. Abbreviations: Тh17: T-helper 17 cells; MIF: macrophage migration inhibitory factor; IL: interleukin; RORγt: retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha.