The New Challenge for Heart Endocarditis: From Conventional Prosthesis to New Devices and Platforms for the Treatment of Structural Heart Disease

Figure 2

Last generation of stented/stentless xenograft prosthesis constituted of pericardial or porcine leaflet. The device can be single or assembled as a bioconduict. The biological prosthesis includes as biomaterials valve leaflets which can be of calf or porcine pericardium and a polytetrafluoroethylene stent. The leaflets are inserted on the circumference of polytetrafluoroethylene annulus. The 3 leaflets are separated by 3 commissures. (a) Carpentier-Edwards Perimount stented aortic (Edwards Lifesciences Inc., Irvine, California, USA). (b) Medtronic Mosaic stented aortic (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota). (c) Mitroflow aortic bioprosthesis (models 12A/LX; LivaNova, PLC, London, UK). (d) St Jude’s Trifecta aortic bioprosthesis (St. Jude Medical, Minneapolis, MN). (e) Freedom Solo Stentless aortic valve (LivaNova PLC, London, UK). (f) Bioconduit (BioIntegral Surgical, Inc.).

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