Overview of Candida albicans and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection Agents and their Biomolecular Mechanisms in Promoting Oral Cancer in Pediatric Patients

Figure 3

Example stages of biofilm formation process on dental surface (this mechanism occurs throughout the oral cavity). Biofilms are an organized community of microorganisms. Microbes with weak and reversible forces attach first, dental surface. All bacteria that are not immediately removed are rigidly attached to special structures, such as fibrils. Bacteria multiply and offer additional attack sites for other microorganisms. The ability to maintain the consistency of microbes in dental plaque is based on the balance between cooperative and competitive relationships between microorganisms and their host. This microbial homeostasis in combination with host defense prevents the formation of pathogenic microorganism colonization. However, when this community is unbalanced quantitatively and qualitatively, dysbiosis occurs.