Research Article

Cold Chain Management by Healthcare Providers at a District in Ghana: A Mixed Methods Study

Table 3

Practices on cold chain management ().

VariableFrequency (%)
Yes (%)No (%)

Does the facility have policies and guidelines on cold chain management practices?1 (8.3)11 (91.7)
Evidence of policies, procedures, and guidelines for cold chain management at this facility1 (8.3)11 (91.7)
Are all the staff trained to follow policies, procedures, and guidelines that ensure compliance for cold chain management?1 (8.3)11 (91.7)
Does the facility have a vaccine ledger book?2 (16.7)10 (83.3)
Does the facility have a cold chain inventory book or guide?2 (16.7)10 (83.3)
Are contingency plans in place with equipment?12 (100)
Does the facility have an emergency power supply?1(8.3)11 (91.7)
Is there evidence of filling in stock cards for vaccine storage?12 (100)
Is vaccine wastage managed according to policy?12 (100)
Is evidence of vaccine wastage report available to make operational changes?12 (100)
Is there evidence of records in case of recall/batch numbers?8 (66.7)4 (33.3)
Has the district trained staff on cold chain management?10 (83.3)2 (16.7)
District level supportive supervision and monitoring12 (100)
Does the facility have a trained officer purposely in charge of cold chain management?2 (16.7)10 (83.3)
Does the facility have a refrigerator for storing vaccines?11 (91.7)1 (8.3)
Is the refrigerator technically appropriate to store vaccines (size, type, functionality, icepack compartment)?7 (63.6)5 (41.6)
Is the distance from the refrigerator to the wall technically appropriate?1 (8.3)11 (91.7)
Does the refrigerator have a lock and key?1 (8.3)11 (91.7)
Does the refrigerator have a functional thermometer?1 (8.3)11(91.7)
Functional fridge tag (if no functional thermometer)8 (66.7)4 (33.3)
Position of thermometer correctly placed in fridge1 (100)
Absence of refrigerator (cold box fridge tag/thermometer): not applicable)
Does facility monitor temperature twice daily?6 (50)6 (50)
Is temperature within appropriate range? (+2°C – +8°C)5 (41.7)7 (58.3)
Records (30 days monthly temperature chart)9 (75)3 (25)
Three months reading (twice daily each day)4 (33.3)8 (66.7)
Level of records availability4 (33.3)8 (66.7)
Vaccines arranged in cold box (not applicable)
Vaccines correctly arranged in refrigerator2 (16.7)10 (83.3)
Diluents correctly stored in refrigerator4 (33.3)8 (66.7)
Are vaccines overstocked?7 (58.3)5 (41.7)
Space in between vaccines1 (8.3)11 (83.3)
Presence of food in refrigerator12 (100)
Presence of water in refrigerator12 (100)
Presence of medical item or biological(non-vaccine) in refrigerator8 (66.7)4 (33.3)
Does the facility have enough thermometer for every outreach?12 (100)
Does the facility have enough functional refrigerators?12 (100)
Does the facility have enough cold boxes?5 (41.6)7 (58.3)
Is/are the cold boxes in good condition?4 (80)1 (20)
Does the facility have enough vaccine carriers?12 (100)
Are the vaccines in good condition?8 (66.7)4 (33.3)
Do all the vaccine carriers have foam pads?15 (39.5)23 (60.5)
Does the facility have enough thermometers or fridge tags?12 (100)
Are all the available thermometers or fridge tags functional?5 (41.7)7 (58.3)
Does the facility have enough icepacks?1 (8.3)11 (91.7)
Does the facility have a deep freezer for storing icepacks?1 (8.3)11 (91.7)
Does the facility have enough temperature monitoring charts?10 (83.3)2 (16.7)
Is there enough equipment for emergency?12 (100)
Does the facility have a room purposely for cold chain equipment?5 (41.7)7 (58.3)