3D Printing Adjustable Stiffness External Fixator for Mechanically Stimulated Healing of Tibial Fractures

Table 1

Material properties of tissues and fixator components [17].

Tissue type	Young’s modulus (MPa)	Poisson’s ratio
Granulation/connective tissue	0.2	0.167
Fibrous tissue	2	0.167
Cartilage	10	0.167
Immature/woven bone	1000	0.3
Mature bone	6000	0.3
Cortical bone	20000	0.3
Wires	210000	0.3
Fixator	8300	0.28