The Bony Resection Accuracy with Patient-Specific Instruments during Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Case Series Study

Figure 2

Standard workflow of the preoperation protocol. (a) Full-leg CT scans. (b) Three-dimensional digital reconstructions of the femur and the tibia by UG/NX 10.0 (Siemens PLM Software Ltd., Germany). (c) Simulated bone cutting. (d) Assembling components of the prosthesis and matching them with the bones. (e) Measuring the femur and the tibia, and checking the joint alignment. (f) Designing the PSI according to the virtual surgery. (g) Printing the PSI.

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