| System | Diseases | Source | Molecule | Application | AUC value | Ref. |
| Digestive system | Malignant biliary stenosis | Bile | EV concentrations | Diagnosis | 1.0 | [17] | Cholangiocarcinoma | Bile | Multi-miR markers | Diagnosis | — | [18] | Cholangiocarcinoma | Bile | ENST00000588480.1, ENST00000517758.1 | Diagnosis Prognosis | 0.709 | [19] | Cholangiocarcinoma | Bile | Exosomal circ-CCAC1 | Diagnosis | 0.857 | [30] | Liver cancer | Plasma | Four exosomal tsRNAs | Diagnosis | — | [80] | Pancreas cancer | Serum tissue | GPC1(+) crExos | Diagnosis | 1.0 | [81] | Pancreas cancer | Blood | Glypican-1, CD63 | Diagnosis | 0.989 | [82] | Gastric cancer | Plasma culture media | Exosomal lncUEGC1 | Diagnosis | 0.876 | [83] |
| Urogenital system | High-grade prostate cancer | Urine | ExoDx Prostate IntelliScore | Diagnosis | 0.70 | [84] | Prostate cancer | Urine | miR-196a-5p, miR-501-3p | Diagnosis | 0.73, 0.69 | [85] | High-grade prostate cancer | Urine | ExoDx Prostate IntelliScore | Diagnosis | 0.77 | [86] | Prostate cancer | Urine | Exosomal metabolites | Diagnosis Prognosis | — | [87] | Castration-resistant prostate cancer | Plasma | miR-1290, miR-375 | Prognosis | 0.68 | [88] | Bladder cancer | Urine | MALAT1,PCAT-1, SPRY4-IT1 | Diagnosis Prognosis | 0.813 | [89] | Cervical cancer | Plasma | Let-7d-3p, miR-30d-5p | Diagnosis | 0.828 | [90] | Breast cancer | Serum | miR-21, miR-222, miR-200c | Diagnosis | — | [91] |
| Respiratory system | Lung cancer | Plasma | CD151, CD171, TSPAN8 | Diagnosis | 0.68, 0.60, 0.60 | [92] | Asthma | Culture medium | EPO, MBP, ECP | Diagnosis | — | [16] |
| Nervous system | Alzheimer’s disease | Blood CSF | Abeta42, T-tau, P-T181-tau | Diagnosis | 0.98 | [93] | Relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis | CSF | Exosomal proteins | Diagnosis | — | [94] |
| Other diseases | Melanoma | Plasma | Melanoma-derived exosomes | Diagnosis Prognosis | — | [95] | Pheochromocytoma Paraganglioma | Serum | Exosomal dsDNA | Diagnosis | — | [96] | Down syndrome | Blood | Abeta1-42, P-T181-tau, P-S396-tau | Diagnosis | — | [97] | Preeclampsia | Plasma | PlGF, CTB-TIMP1, AV-PAI1 | Diagnosis | 0.96 | [98] | Multiple myeloma | Serum | Let-7b, miR-18a | Diagnosis prognosis | — | [99] |
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