Both Chloroquine and Lopinavir/Ritonavir Are Ineffective for COVID-19 Treatment and Combined Worsen the Pathology: A Single-Center Experience with Severely Ill Patients

Figure 2

Relevant comorbidities. The prevalence of relevant comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes, COPD, cardiovascular disease, and chronic bronchitis was calculated for each treatment group and pooled together in three categories: none comorbidities, one comorbidity, and two or more. L/R: lopinavir/ritonavir; Chlo: chloroquine; L/R+Chlo: lopinavir/ritonavir plus chloroquine; ST: standard treatment; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

(a) Relevant comorbidities L/R

(b) Relevant comorbidities L/R+CHLO

(c) Relevant comorbidities CHLO

(d) Relevant comorbidities ST