Nagashima-Type Palmoplantar Keratosis: Clinical Characteristics, Genetic Characterization, and Clinical Management

Figure 5

Histological findings from the affected lesion. (a, b) A biopsy specimen showing orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, mild hypergranulosis, and acanthosis, with a mild sparse infiltrate of lymphocytes in the upper dermis noted in a high-power view [32]. (c–f) The affected skin shows orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis with a mild to moderate infiltrate of mononuclear cells in the dermal papilla, and immunohistochemistry with anti-CD4 (e) and CD8 (f) monoclonal antibodies showing the majority of lymphocytes being CD4⁺T cells [24]. (All the images were obtained from copyright license holders without any conflict of interest).